Ulwaphulo-mthetho lusetyenziselwa ukukhetha isethi yamanyathelo okujoliswe ekupheliseni umthamo nokukhusela ukuphuhliswa kokukhulelwa. Zininzi iindlela kunye neentlobo zokukhusela. Nangona kunjalo, akuzona zonke iindlela zokukhulelwa komzimba ezisebenza ngokulinganayo kunye neyonke.
Ukwahlulelwa kweendlela zokukhulelwa komzimba
Ulwaphulo-mboleko luhlala luqwalaselwa oogqirha njengenxalenye yenkqubo yocwangciso lwezesapho. Ngoncedo lwayo, kunokwenzeka ukulawula izinga lokuzalwa, kwaye ukuthatha i-hormonal contraceptive kuphazamisa kakuhle impilo yabasetyhini. Ngako oko, ukusetyenziswa kwezi zonyango kunciphisa ukuvama kwesisu - esinye sezimbangela ze-pathologies zentsholongwane. Ukongezelela, izithintelo zokukhulelwa zihlobo lomlawuli wokuqalisa inkqubo yokukhulelwa.
Izindlela zokuqhawula ukukhulelwa kweendlela ezikhuselekileyo zithintela iinkqubo ze-tumor kwinkqubo yokuzala. Ngokuqhelekileyo ngoncedo lwabo kunokwenzeka ukukhusela ukutshabalala, ukungasebenzi kwemigudu yokuya esikhathini . Ngokuxhomekeka kwisithako esisebenzayo kunye nendlela yokwenza isicelo, iindlela zokunqanda ukukhulelwa kwangoku zinokuhlukaniswa ngokwemiqathango ngale ndlela:
- izixhobo zangaphakathi;
- umqobo;
- zendalo;
- hormonal;
- utyando.
Ukukhulelwa komzimba
Olu hlobo lokukhulelwa kwezilwanyana lusetyenziselwa ukukhetha isethi yamanyathelo angabandakanyi ukusebenzisa amayeza kunye nezixhobo. Le ndlela isekelwe ekukhutsheni ubudlelwane bezesondo ezinsukwini ezinobungozi - ixesha lokuvuthwa kwimizimba yabasetyhini. Ngenxa yoko, kudla ngokubhekiswa njengendlela yekhalenda yokukhulelwa. Ukusebenza kuvela kwi-6 ukuya kwi-40 kwi-index ye-Perl (inani lokukhulelwa okwenzeka ngonyaka ongama-1 kwabasetyhini abangama-100 abasebenzisa indlela).
Inkqubo yekhalenda yokukhulelwa kwenzelwa ekuqaliseni ixesha lokuvuthwa komzimba. Oku kwenzeka kumjikelezo womjikelezo. Ngoko, ngomjikelezo weentsuku ezingama-28, lo ngumhla wesi-14. Ngenxa yokuba umjikelezo awuhlali rhoqo, imida yexesha elivuthiweyo ishintshelwe kuzo zombini iintsuku ezimbini. Cinga ukulindela ubomi be-spermatozoa - iintsuku ezine emva kwesondo. Ukunikezelwa kwezi zixhobo, ngomjikelezo weentsuku ezingama-28, amathuba okukhulelwa aphezulu ukusuka ngomhla we-8 ukuya kwe-17. Ukuba umjikelo awuzinzile, ngoko ukusuka kwithuba elincinci likhupha iintsuku ezili-11, kwaye ukusuka kwiinyanga ezili-18.
Kukho ezinye iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokukhulelwa komzimba:
- utshintshe kwiqondo lokushisa elisezantsi (ukwanda nge-ovulation);
- ukuphazamiseka kwezondo zesondo njengendlela yokukhulelwa ingqalelo, kodwa iqhutywe phakathi kwezibini ezitshatileyo;
- ukufundisisa ukuhambelana kwemisipha yomlomo wesibeleko (ukwandisa ivolumu kunye nokunyuka).
Izindlela zokurhoxiswa kweendlela zokukhulelwa
Izindlela zanamhlanje zokukhulelwa kwezokwelapha ziye zaqhubela phambili, kodwa izibini ezitshatileyo zisetyenziselwa enye indlela endala kakhulu-inqobo. Isekelwe ekudaleni umqobo kwindlela yendoda eya kwiqanda. Ngokuqhelekileyo eli qela le-contraceptive libizwa ngokuba ngumatshini. Ezi ndlela zokukhusela ekukhuleleni ziquka:
- ikhondom;
- isikhombi somlomo ;
- isalathisi sesisu.
Iikhondom zazisetyenziselwa kakhulu, ezidla ngokuba zibizwa ngokuba yi-contraception. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iikhondom zebhinqa-isigxobo esincinci esenziwe nge-latex. Kwimijikelo kukho iindandatho ezi-2, enye yazo ifakwa kwisini kwaye ibeke entanyeni, kwaye yesibini ithathwa. Ngale ndlela, umqobo uyadalwa kwi-spermatozoa.
Ulwaphulo lweHormonal
Phakathi kweendlela ezikhoyo zokukhusela ukukhulelwa, iindlela zokukhulelwa kwe-hormonal ziye zaziwa kakhulu. Oku kubangelwa ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa nokufumaneka. Ukukhusela ukukhulelwa, ibhinqa kufuneka ithathe izidakamizwa ze-hormone (ngokuqhelekileyo iphilisi) ngokubhekiselele kwipatheni ethile ngexesha elinye. Njengenxalenye yamalungiselelo kukho izixhobo ze-estrogenic kunye ne-gestagenic.
Izindlela ezininzi zokuqhawula ngokwemithi ngokukhawuleza kwindlela yokukhusela kubangela ukuphazamiseka kokukhula kwe-endometrium ye-uterine. Phakathi kwe-contraceptive ye-hormonal ekhoyo yinto yesiko ukuhlula ezi fom zilandelayo:
1. Udibene (isrogen-progesational):
- ngomlomo ;
- plasters;
- isondo;
- I-second-second (amanani amancinci ama progestins).
2. Izimpembelelo.
3. Injection.
Ukukhulelwa kweMichiza
Iinkqubo zeekhemikhali zokuthintela ukukhulelwa zisekelwe kusetyenzisweni lweziyobisi ezikhethekileyo eziyingozi kumdoda. Ezi zinto (i-spermicides) zonakalisa i-membrane yeseli yamaseli ezintsholongwane, ezikhokelela ekufeni kwazo. Njenge-spermicides, i-contraceptive ye-chemical iqukethe ne-benzalkonium chloride.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwele ndlela kuncinci - i-index yePerl ukusuka kwi-6 ukuya kwi-20. I-Spermicides ekhoyo kwiimakethe zonyango ikhutshwe ngendlela:
- iifotosti,
- ikhandlela,
- iigels,
- iikram,
- iifilimu.
Le mali ibhinqa lingena ngaphambi kokuba ulale ngesondo kwindawo ephezulu yesini (imizuzu eyi-10 ukuya ngaphambi kwezesondo). Ngokukhawuleza emva kokulawula, i-ejenti ibonisa umphumo wokukhulelwa. Izenzo zesondo eziphindaphindiweyo zifuna ukungeniswa okongeziweyo kwezi mali, kuba baneempembelelo ezifutshane. Oogqirha bacebisa ukusebenzisa le ndlela ye-contrahormal njengendlela eyongezelelweyo, umzekelo xa usebenzisa i-contraceptive barrier.
Uphando lwezokwelapha
Indlela yokuhlinzwa yokukhulelwa, ebizwa ngokuthi inzalo, iyindlela ekhuselekileyo yokukhusela ukukhulelwa. Ingasetyenziselwa kumadoda kunye nabasetyhini. Xa inqatyisiweyo kwabasetyhini, oogqirha benza ngokukhawuleza ukuphazamiseka kwamathambo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuchumisa kubonakala kungenakwenzeka. Ukuqhawula ukukhulelwa kwezilwanyana kumadoda kuqhutyelwa ngokuwela i-deferens, ngenxa yoko akukho mveliso ye-spermatozoa ejaculate.
Inzalo iyindlela efanelekileyo kakhulu yokukhulelwa. I-Conception inokwenzeka kwiimeko ezinzima kwaye ibangelwa ukuphulwa kwenkqubo yokungenelela ngophala. Kwezinye iimeko ukuhlaziywa kwamathambo e-fallopian kunokwenzeka - ukubuyisela ubuchule. Le ndlela ayinakuguqulwa, ngoko ayikusebenza kubasetyhini beminyaka yobudala.
Izindlela zokukhulelwa ngokukhawuleza
Ingxamiseko okanye i-postcoital ibhekisela kule ndlela yokukhulelwa, apho amanyathelo okukhusela ukukhulelwa ayenziwa emva kokulala ngesondo esingakhuselekanga. Ezi ndlela zokukhulelwa komzimba zikhusela ukukhulelwa kwinqanaba lokuchumisa okanye ukufakelwa. Bakhombisa ukufakwa kwezinto ezininzi ze-hormonal into emzimbeni, ekhupha isithintelo se-endometrium kwaye ibangele ukuphuma kwamanzi (ukungenakulungiswa kwesisu).
Olu hlobo lokuthintela lubandakanya ukufumana ifomethi yefayili, ngoko kudla njalo kubandakanywa kwiindlela zomlomo zomlomo. Oogqirha bahlukunyezwa ngokusetyenziswa rhoqo ngale ndlela kwaye abayincongo kubasetyhini abaselula abangazange bazalwe. Ukusetyenziswa kokukhulelwa ngokukhawuleza kuyimfuneko kwiimeko ezinzima:
- xa ikhondom iphukile;
- emva kokudlwengulwa;
- xa ezinye iindlela zingasebenzi.
Izindlela zokukhulelwa emva kokubeletha
Ukuqwalasela iindlela zokukhulelwa emva kokubeleka, oogqirha baqaphela indlela yendalo yokukhusela - i-amenctrhea ye-lactational. Nge-lactation esebenzayo, ukondla, ininzi yeprolactin ikhiqizwa, evimbela i-ovulation. Le ndlela iphumelela ubuncinane ubuncinane kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukuba umntwana usetyenziswe rhoqo kwibele (ubuncinane ixesha eli-1 nganye iiyure ezingama-6). Indlela yesibini eqhelekileyo yindlela yokufaka. Inqubo yenziwa emva kokubuyiselwa kwesisu. Amama kunye neendlela zobuqhetseba zokukhulelwa kwezilwanyana zisetyenziselwa: ukutshiza okutshisayo, ijusi lemon.
Iindlela eziphambili zokukhulelwa komzimba
Akunakwenzeka ukubiza indlela efanelekileyo yokukhulelwa ngogqirha. Oku kubangelwa ukuba inxalenye nganye yendalo iyodwa kwaye akukho ndlela yendalo kunye nendlela. Ukukhethwa kwenkqubo yokukhulelwa kufuneka kuqhutywe ngabanye, kunye nogqirha, emva kokugqithisa uviwo olubanzi lwesistim somzali.
Izindlela zokukhulelwa kwabafazi
Uninzi lwamantombazana ukhetha izidakamizwa ze-hormones njengeendlela eziphumelelayo kunye neendlela zanamhlanje zokukhulelwa. La mayeza atholakalayo, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, atyameke kakuhle ngumzimba. Inzalo, njengeyona ndlela ethembekileyo yokukhulelwa, ayifaneki isetyenziswe. Abasetyhini abaninzi bafuna ukufezekisa ingxaki yesikhashana kwaye abalahlekelwa ithuba lokuba ngumama ukuba bafuna. Phakathi kweendlela eziqhelekileyo kubasetyhini:
- isixhobo se-intrauterine;
- ikhondom;
- spermicides.
Izindlela zokukhulelwa kwabayeni
Eyokuqala phakathi kwamadoda phakathi kweendlela zokukhulelwa komzimba - umqobo (ikhondom). Ukufikeleleka, i-prostate yesicelo, ukusebenza kakuhle kuyenza ibe yinto ethandwa kakhulu. Abameli abaninzi banesini esomeleleyo kulo lonke ixesha lokuzala lisebenzisa kuphela le ndlela. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iindlela zokusebenza zokukhusela amadoda, phakathi kwazo:
- iziyobisi ze-hormonal (androgens kunye ne-antiandrogens);
- Ukufakelwa kwangaphantsi kwe-ampoules equkethe i-androgens, eyenziwe ngugqirha phantsi kwesikhumba, isombulula kwiiveki ezi-2-4;
- inzalo.