Ukuba urhulumente weqondo lokushisa kunye nomgangatho wobuncwane bomoya baphazamiseka kwi-greenhouse, ke ikhukhamba ehlwayelwe ngokucophelela iqala ukuhlamba. Ngaphambili ukufumanisa kwaye uyichaze eso sifo, umvuno uya kuhlala uphilile. Ngoko makhe sijonge ikhukhamba kwi-greenhouse.
Izifo eziqhelekileyo zeemkhukhamba kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo
I-Anthracnose iyisifo sefungal of ukhukhamba, esiphumela ngenxa yobuncwane obuphezulu kwi-greenhouse. Isifo siqala ngokubonakala kwimibala ebomvu emhlophe kwiimpawu kunye namacembe, kwaye emva kweziqhamo zezilonda ezinzulu kunye ne-pink mucus. Iintlobo ezichaphazelekayo kufuneka zonakaliswe ngokukhawuleza, kuba aziyi kukhula zibe zikhulu.
Amanyathelo okulawula : ukuba ufumana iimpawu zokuqala zesifo, ufefe kanye ngeveki kunye nesisombululo se-Bordeaux liquid (1%).
I-Downy mildew (i- peronosporosis ) isona sifo esiqhelekileyo nesiyingozi samakhukhamba kwi-greenhouse. Ininzi idla ngokubonakalayo ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti emva kokuguqulwa okubukhali kwimobushushu, ukulungelelanisa okunamandla kwifilimu okanye ukuthambisa ngamanzi abandayo. Okokuqala, amabala ahlaza okomhlaza avela kumaqabunga, enyuka ngeveki, amaqabunga aphenduleka emdaka emva kokutshisa kwaye omiswa emva kweentsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3.
Amanyathelo okulawula :
- ukupheliswa kokunisela nokugqoka phezulu iintsuku ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-7;
- ukutshiza emva kokunciphisa umswakama ngesisombululo esiphezulu (22-24 ° C) se-Topaz (1 ampoule nge-10 ilitha amanzi);
- ukuphungula umoya wendawo yokushisa, kungavumeli ukuhla kweqondo lokushisa kuyo (ngexesha le-20-25 ° C, nobusuku 18-22 ° C);
- Ngobusuku, izityalo zongezwa ukuba zigcine ukushisa.
Ukubola komsi kwiikomkethi kwenzeka xa usebenzisa umhlaba osetshenziselwa ukutyalela, ukuhla kwehla lokushisa kunye nokulima okungafanelekanga kwezityalo. Unako ukucacisa ukuba amaqabunga ngexesha lokutshabalalisa liqala ukuphela, kwaye isiqhamo sezona zimpande ziyajika kwaye zivele.
Amanyathelo okulawula:
- xa utyalwe, ungawuboni ngokutsha izityalo kwaye ungawuthululi umhlaba phezu kwehlobo;
- xa ifunyenwe, lungiselela isisombululo (nciphisa i-1 teaspoon ye-sulfate yethusi, i-3 tbsp isikhokhelo ye-0.5 l yamanzi) kwaye unxweme inxalenye echaphazelekayo yesigxina kwiingcambu;
- ukutshabalalisa izityalo ezichaphazelekayo kunye nomhlaba kunye nokutshisa, kwaye uthele umgodi ngesisombululo se-sulfate yethusi.
Kwakhona, kwiimeko zokuphakama okukhulu kwi-greenhouse, iikomkom ziyakubonakala ziluhlaza kwaye zimhlophe (ukubola) zibole .
Umqhele omqhelekileyo (omhlophe) womkroksi - isifo sesigciwane kwisitrofini sinokuqalwa ngamacwecwe aphuzi kunye namhlophe kumagqabi amancinci anemibimbi. Ikhokelela ekukhuleni okucothayo, ukungahambi kakuhle kwembala kunye nembala ehlukahlukeneyo yeziqhamo. Izityalo ezichaphazelekayo kufuneka zichithwe, kwaye ezinye ziboshwe kwakhona. Ukuthintela esi sifo, kubalulekile ukuba uphuculise i-disinfection, ugcine imigangatho yokutyalwa kwamanani kunye nokukhula okungaxhatshazwayo kwamakhukheni kule ntsholongwane.
I-Fusariosis yamakhukhamba - esi sifo senziwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo xa sikhula kwiindawo zokugcina izithombo. Kubonakala ngathi i-yellowing yamagqabi xa i-ovary ibonakala, i-whip iyabonakala kwaye inxalenye engezantsi yokubola kwe-stem.
Amanyathelo okulawula :
- ukutshatyalaliswa komhlaba ngokutsha;
- Ukuhluma kwembewu kunye ne-biopreparation trichodermine (4g / kg) kunye nokufakwa kwayo emhlabathini;
- ukugcina ubushushu obuchanekileyo kunye nomswakama kwi-greenhouse;
- ukuthambisa ngamanzi afudumele (20 ° C).
- ukutshatyalaliswa kweentlobo ezikhuselweyo.
I-Phytophthora kwiikomkom kwi-greenhouse ayinqabile kakhulu, ingaqwalaselwa ngokubonakala kwimibala eluhlaza
Kwakhona nakwiindawo zokugcina izityalo kwiifomkhamba, izifo ezinjenge- powdery mildew kunye nomdaka omninzi (umnquma) ungabonakala, izityalo ezibuthathaka, ezinokuthi zilahlwe ngokutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo komhlaba kunye ne-greenhouse ngokwayo emva kwexesha ngalinye lokukhula.
Ukugcina i-microclimate elungileyo kwi-greenhouse kunye nokunyamekela ngononophelo kuya kunceda ukuphepha zonke izifo zekhukhamba zakho.