Ithempeli likaHagia Sophia eConstantinople (ngoku i- Istanbul ) lakhiwa ngekhulu le-4 AD. Phakathi kwekhulu le-XV ngenxa yesigxina somzi waseYurophu ngamaTurkey ase-Ottoman, i-cathedral yaba ngumkhosi wamaSilamsi. Ngomnyaka we-1935, uHagia Sophia's Cathedral e-Istanbul yafumana indawo yemyuziyam, ngowe-1985 yahlanganiswa njengeNdawo yeLifa leMveli le-UNESCO njengesikhumbuzo sembali.
Uphi u Hagia Sophia?
Uphawu oludumileyo lweByzantium enkulu ngoku ngokubizwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iMyuziyam ye-Aya-Sophia kwaye isendaweni yesiganeko saseSultanahmet - kwiziko elidala laseTurkey Istanbul.
Ngubani owakhe uHagia Sophia?
Imbali yecawa yecawa yaseSt. Sophia yaqalwa kwikota yokuqala yokuqala ye-IV ekulawuleni umbusi waseRoma uConstantine Omkhulu - umsunguli wenkunzi yombuso waseConstantinople. Ngowe-1380 uMbusi uTheodosius I wanikela ibandla kwii-Orthodox zamaKristu waza wamisa uMbhishophu omkhulu uGregory uMfundisi wezeMfundiso yobuNtu. Amaxesha amaninzi i-cathedral yatshatyalaliswa ngenxa yemililo yonakaliswe yihlabathi. Ngowe-1453, iThempeli likaHagia Sophia laguqulelwa libe yi-mosque, iineyure ezine kunye neengqungquthela zakhiwa ngasemva kwayo, ziguqula ngokubanzi ukubonakala kwendawo yokwakha, kwaye zigubungela itempile. Emva kokuba uHagia Sophia evakaliswe kumyuziyam, baqhekeza umgca we-plaster kwiintlobo ezininzi zeefrescoes kunye nemifanekiso.
I-Architecture kaHagia Sophia
Njengomphumo wezinto ezininzi zokulungiswa kunye nokubuyiselwa kwisakhiwo sasekuqaleni, kwakungekho nto ehleliyo. Kodwa ngokubanzi, ukwakheka kwezakhiwo eziphakamileyo kugcinwe iimpawu ezibonakalayo kwizobugcisa zaseByzantine: intlangano ekhethekileyo yobuqaqawuli kunye nobuqili. Namhlanje, uHagia Sophia eTurkey uyisakhiwo se-quadrangular esenza ama-naves amathathu. I-basilica ithweswe isithsaba esikhulu esineengqimba ezingamashumi amane ezixhaswe ngamakholomu amakhulu e-malachite kunye ne-porphyry. Kwinqanaba eliphezulu le-windows 40, ngaphezu koko, iifestile ezingama-5 zihlala kwi-niche nganye. Amandla angqalileyo kunye namandla eendonga, ngokweengcali, zibonelelwa ukuba i-extract of ash ash leaves.
| | |
Ubuncwane obuncinane bubungaphakathi bendabuko yekrisare: iinkcukacha zemibala yemarbo, imifanekiso emihle kwigolide, imizobo yomculo kwiindonga, ezibonisa izifundo zeBhayibhile kunye nezembali, kunye nezihlobiso zembali. Kwi-mosaic isebenza ngamaxesha amathathu okuphuhliswa kwale fomu yobugcisa ibonakala ngokucacileyo, ebonakaliswe yimpawu ezibalaseleyo zokusebenzisa umbala nokudala umfanekiso.
| | |
Izinto zokutempile zetempile zi-8 ze-jasper zemibala engapheliyo eluhlaza, ezilethwe kanye kwindlu yetempile ka-Arthemisi e-Efese , kunye ne "intsika yokulila". Ngokutsho kwenkolelo, ukuba uyachukumisa umgodi kwikholam ehlanganiswe ngamacwecwe obhedu kwaye ngexesha elifanayo uvakalelwa ukuba kukho ukungcola, ngoko umnqweno ofihlekileyo uya kuzaliseka ngokuqinisekileyo.
| | |
Isici se-Aya-Sophia kukudibanisa imifanekiso yeempawu zobuKristu, uYesu Kristu, uMama kaThixo, abangcwele, abaprofeti beTestamente endala kunye neengcaphuno ezivela kwiKoran, ezikukhuselo ezinkulu. Inomdla othile unemifanekiso ebhalwe kwiipataphe zamatye kwiinkulungwane ezininzi. Ininzi yamandulo yi-runes yaseScandinavia, ishiywe yi-Warriors-Varangians kwi-Middle Ages. Ngoku zixutywe ngezinto ezikhethekileyo ezisemthethweni ezikhuselweyo ezikhuselweyo ezikhuselweyo ezikhuselekileyo ezikhuselweyo.
| | |
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inkampani enkulu ibanjelwe ukubuyisela uHagia Sophia ebuKristwini be-Orthodox, njengoko yayilungiselelwe ekuqaleni. AmaKristu kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathi ajoyina iimfuno zokubuyisela itempile yamandulo kwiOrthodoxy, ukuze amakholwa anethuba lokuthandaza ebandleni.