Inkukhu yenkukhu isifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa intsholongwane evela kwintsapho yaseHerpeselladae Varicella Zoster (i-Varicella Zoster) kwaye idluliselwa ngamaconsi. Le ntsholongwane iyakwazi ukusulela abantwana. Yaye isifo esiba nazo silula, kwaye emva kokuba eso sifo senziwe sisifo esingapheliyo sokuphila. Ingozi iyinkukhu ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Inkukhu ikhupha njani ukukhulelwa?
I-Varicella kunye nokukhulelwa kuyintlangano eyingozi. I-Chickenpox ekukhulelweni kokuqala ingakhokelela ekukhiphe isisu. Xa inkukhu isifo isifo emva koko, ukukhulelwa komntwana kunye nobunzima bokubeletha kunokwenzeka (izikrakra zesikhumba, hypoplasia yesigxina, ukuyeka ukugula kwengqondo, i-micro-ophthalmia, i-cataract nokulinda kokukhula). Kufuneka kuthiwe ukuphuhliswa kweenkohlakalo kumntwana obunqabile kakhulu (kwi-1% yamatyala), ngoko ke ukuba umfazi okhulelweyo ufumana inkukhu - lokhu akusikho umqondiso wokupheliswa kokukhulelwa komzimba. Ingongelo kumntwana xa usulelekileyo ukhulelwe umfazi okhulelweyo kwixesha elide ukuya kwiiveki ezili-14 ngu-0.4%, ngexesha leveki ezi-14-20-umngcipheko we-fetus awukho ngaphezu kwama-2%, kwaye intsholongwane yomntwana ayifanelekanga ingozi emva kweveki ezingama-20.
Isifo esiyingozi kakhulu senkukhu kubhinqa abakhulelweyo kusezinsukwini zokugqibela ngaphambi kokubeletha (iintsuku ezi-2-5). Kule meko, usana olusana luya kuba nenkukhu eneminyaka engama-10 ukuya ku-20, kwaye ukufumaneka kwesiphumo esibulalayo kufinyelela kuma-30%. Xa i-congenital yenkukhu ichaphazela izitho zangaphakathi zomntwana, ikakhulukazi inkqubo ye-bronchopulmonary.
I-Chickenpox kubhinqa abakhulelweyo - iimpawu
I-Chickenpox ngexesha lokukhulelwa liqala nge-fever kunye ne-malaise, ezi zimpawu ziintsuku eziliqela phambi kokubonakala kwe-rash. Ukukhawuleza kuqala entloko kunye nobuso, ngokukhawuleza kwehla emqolo nasemzimbeni, okungafanekanga kuthintela izitho. Ukuqhwala ekuqaleni kuhlobo lweepilisi (i-tubercle ebomvu ephakamileyo ngaphezu kwesikhumba), ngoko i-vesicle yenziwa kwindawo ye-papule (i-vial egcwele i-serous fluid). I-papule ithathelwa indawo ye-pustule-i-bubble iqhuma kwi-combs izikali zesikali kunye nekhredithi. Ukukhawuleza kuhambelana nokubetheka okukhulu, kwaye ukudibanisa izixhobo zayo kunokukhokelela ekungcoliseni ibhaktiriya. Utshintsho olutsha luya kwenzeka emva kweentsuku ezi-2-5 emva kokuqala kunye nazo zonke izixhobo zalo zikhona kanyekanye.
Unyango lwenkukhu ngexesha lokukhulelwa
Ukunyangwa kwenkukhu ngexesha lokukhulelwa kukuthatha i-immunoglobulin ethile, okunciphisa umngcipheko omncinci wokusongela umntwana. Ukuba isifo senzeke ngaphambi kokuzalwa, ngoko ke, ukuba kunokwenzeka, ukulibazise ukuhanjiswa kweentsuku ezimbalwa ukuze umntwana afumane ixesha lokufumana iintsholongwane zomama kwaye oko kukuphepha inkukhu yokuzala. Ukuba oku akunakwenziwa, umntwana ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa unikezwa i-immunoglobulin ethile, kwaye umama nomntwana emva kokuthunyelwa badluliselwa kwisebe lebhokisi kwaye banikeze izidakamizwa ze-antiviral (zovirax, acyclovir, valtrex) kumntwana.
Ukuthintela inkukhu yenkukhu kubafazi abakhulelweyo
Ukukhulelwa kokukhulelwa emva kwenkukhu kungenakho ukwesaba, kuba loo nto ibhinqa egazini ine-antibodies efunekayo yokulwa nale ntsholongwane. Abasetyhini abangenayo inkukhu njengomntwana kufuneka bahambisane nemithetho ethile: ukunciphisa uxhaphalwano lomfazi okhulelwe ngenkukhu kunye nokuhlolwa kwegazi lebhubhoratri ukuchonga ukukhuselwa kwintsholongwane kwinqanaba lokucwangcisa ukukhulelwa.
Emva kokuqwalasela ingozi yenkukhu ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kunokugqitywa ukuba abafazi abacwangcisa ukukhulelwa kufuneka baqhagamshelane nogqirha okhethekileyo ngoncedo, kwaye ukucwangciswa emva kweenkukhu akudingi uqeqesho olukhethekileyo kunye neemvavanyo ezizodwa.