Ukuba i-apula yakho ayithwali isiqhamo, okanye isivuno esivela kuso sinqongophe kakhulu, ingxaki ingasombululwa kungekhona nje ngamanyathelo angqalileyo, ukusika umthi kunye nokutshala enye esikhundleni, kunye nokunyamezela - ukutshala kuyo umthi wase-apula olwahlukileyo. Ngaloo ndlela, unako ukwandisa i-apport of various types of apples kwiwebhusayithi yakho. Le ndlela iza kufutshane nesikhathi sokulinda isivuno sokuqala, kwaye akudingeki uchithe imali kwiimbewu ezintsha.
Indlela yokutshala kakuhle umthi we-apula?
Abalimi abanolwazi bayayazi iindlela kunye nenkqubo yokutyala imithi yonke. Kodwa abaqalayo ngezinye iinkcukacha abazi indlela yokutshala iiplisi ukufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo. Siza kuzama ukuqonda oku ngcaciso eninzi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-inoculation yemithi ye-apula yenziwa ngokukhupha, oko kukuthi, ukuxhoma i-cuttings. Ehlobo, ungasebenzisa indlela eyahlukileyo - u-ocularization, oko kukuthi, ukuxhoma iinjongo. Kodwa ukusetyenziswa kusetyenziswa ubuninzi beemeko kwaye kusetyenziswe injongo ehlukileyo - ukuvuselela umyezo, ukulungisa imithi ewonakalisiweyo, ukutshintsha iintlobo eziphantsi ezithengayo.
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokufakela i-aplisi isilungiso se-scion (i-graft), i-gum ye-jum kunye nezixhobo, ezifana ne-knife ye-graft, i-blade egadileyo, i-tape okanye i-polyethylene yokubopha.
Privoj ukulungiselela ukususela ekuqaleni kwebusika, kunye namaqabunga okuqala, xa amasebe sele sele ephumle. Ukuba ungenayo ixesha lokwenza oku, unako ukuwalungiselela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngelixa iintso zingekavuvuli.
Nge-scion, kufuneka ukhethe ukukhula kwamahlumela ngonyaka kunye nomthi ophilileyo kunye nempilo. Amagatsha kufuneka abe ngama-30-35 cm ubude. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukunqumla umda ophezulu we-graft ukuya kubude bomgama phakathi kweemibini eziphezulu.
Gcina amasebe alungisiweyo kwisigxina kwixanti emanzi okanye emanzini. Ukuba akukho ndawo, ungasebenzisa ifriji. Phambi kwengubo ye-cuttings kwiphatthi elimanzi uze uwafake kwireferensi ephantsi yefriji.
Zama ukungachukumisi iinkcawu kunye nokusika ngaphandle kwemfuno. Sika kufuneka sibe zixhobo zangaphambili ezinamatshini. Akuyi kuba yinto enqabileyo yokuhlamba izandla phambi kokuba uqale umsebenzi.
Yimiphi imithi enokutyalelwa ngemithi ye-apula?
Kulindeleke ukuba enye yemibuzo kwinkqubo yokugonywa iya kuba yintoni-into enokutyalelwa nge-apula. Kukho nawuphi na, isitokisini esona siza kuba sisityalo esifanayo. Kwimeko yomthi wase-apula, kukulungele ukutshala kwi-apula.
Ngaphezu koko, ngexesha lokugonya, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ukuhambelana kweentlobo zezihlahla ze-apula ezihlanganisiweyo kunye nomthi oyintloko ngokuphathelele ukuvuthwa kweziqhamo. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zininzi ezahlukeneyo ngokwemimiselo - ukususela ekuqaleni kwehlobo ukukhula ekwindla kamva. Ngoko, akufuneki ukutyala iintlobo zakuqala kwiintlobo zexesha elizayo kunye nakwezinye.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, izityalo ezixhaswayo ziya kuhlala, kodwa akufanelekile ukulinda isivuno esikhulu, kuba abayi kufumana izondlo ezaneleyo. Ingakumbi ixhala ngeemeko zokufakela iintlobo zexesha elide emva kwemithi yase-apula ehlobo. Ngenxa yokungabikho kwesondlo ngexesha elibaluleke kakhulu kwisiqhamo sokuvuthwa, ii-apula ziya kutshatyalaliswa kwangaphambili kwaye zitshintshe iimpawu zabo.
Indlela yokutshala iiplisi?
Ngokukhawuleza inkqubo yokuqhafaza ibonakala kanje: ulungiselela isitokisi, wenza umgca omde okanye utyumbe, kuxhomekeke kwindlela yokwenza udidi olukhethiweyo. Xhuma ukusikwa kwiinqununu ngokunqunyulwa kwiingcambu uze uziqine ngokuqinileyo nge-tape elungiselelwe, ifilimu okanye iteksi.
Ukuba ukhethe indlela yokuxhoma kwi-cleavage, ukwahlula i-rootwise kwi-cross or across and insert 1-2-stems in it, ngokukhawuleza ugobe isakhiwo esipheleleyo. Beka i-cut cut on roottick nge-sauce yomyezo. Le ndlela idinga ingqalelo ekhethekileyo, kuba inesitishi unalo linye icala le-scion edibeneyo.