Imithetho yokudlala i-chess

Ukuba awukwazi ukuba kuvuyisa kangakanani ukuchitha ngokuhlwa kunye nosapho lonke, zama ukudlala i-chess. Ukuze ukwazi ukuqonda lo mdlalo omdala wengqondo, akufuneki ukuba ne-IQ ephezulu. Kubalulekile ukuba ufunde imigaqo ebalulekileyo yomdlalo we-chess - kunye nomgudu omncinci, ungasondela ngokukhawuleza ukuhlanganiswa okutsha kunokuba kunzima kunabanye abadlali abanolwazi.

Imisiseko yomdlalo wabaqalayo

I-chessboard iquka izikwere ezingama-64, apho iindawo ezimhlophe zihamba kunye nemnyama. Imigca ye-Horizontal ibalwe ukusuka kwinye ukuya kweyesibhozo, kwaye imigca ecacileyo ichazwa ngamagama aseLatin ukusuka kwi-h. Insimu nganye yebhodi ibelwe iinqununu zayo, zenziwe ngegama lomgca omeleyo kunye nenani lomgca ongqambileyo kwibhodi, umzekelo, i -7, f5, njl.

Ngaphambi kokuqala komdlalo akukuphela nje ukufunda imithetho yomdlalo kwaye uqonde indlela yokudlala i-chess, kodwa ngokufanelekileyo ubeke ibhodi. Kubekwa ukuba ngamnye umthathile kwicala lasekunene unomxholo wekona wombala omhlophe. Kukho abadlali ababini: omnye ulawula amanani ombala omhlophe, kunye nombala wesibini wombala omnyama (omnyama). Zonke izibalo zinegama lazo ezizodwa: ukumkani, ukumkanikazi (izindlovukazi), izindlovu (amagosa), ama-rooks (iindwendwe), amahashe kunye neentambo. Umdlalo uquka enye inkosi (ukubizwa ngokurekhodwa kweKr) kunye nenkosikazi (F), ii-knights ezimbini (K), ii-rooks (L), ezimbini iindlovu (C) kunye ne-pawns (isib.

Imithetho yokudlala i-chess yabaqalayo kunye nabantwana: malunga neyinkimbinkimbi

Ekuqaleni, zonke izicwangciso ebhodini zibonakalisiwe njengoko ziboniswe ngezantsi.

Zonke zihamba ngendlela ekhethekileyo, ezikhethekileyo kuphela kubo:

1. Indlovu iya kuhamba kunye nawaphi na amasimi ukusuka kwindawo ekhoyo kuyo.
2. I-rook ingashukunyiswa kuyo nayiphi na intsimi kwisalathiso esicacileyo okanye esinqamlekileyo, ukususela kwindawo emi kuyo.
3. Indlovukazi ihamba ngokukhululekile kunoma yiphina insimu idiagonally, ngokubhekiselele okanye ngokuyiyo.
4. Abantu abadala, baxelela imithetho yokudlala i-chess kubantwana, kufuneka baqwalasele into yokuba indlovu, i-rook okanye indlovukazi ayikwazi ukuhlengahlengiswa kwintsimi ukuba ibanjwe ngumfanekiso wesitha.
5. Ihashe iya kwifom yeleta "G", ehlala kwelinye lamasimi elisondeleyo kwindawo yalo, kodwa akufanele ibekwe kwindawo efanayo, ejikelezayo okanye ecacileyo.
6. I-pawn ingashukunyiswa phambili ngeendlela eziliqela. Ukusuka kwindawo yokuqala, lo mzobo ungasuswa kwiindawo ezi-1 okanye ezi-2 ezihamba phambili kwiimeko ezifanayo ukuba zikhululekile kwezinye iimo. Kwiphina indawo, i-pawn ihamba ngendlela efanayo, kodwa kuphela kwintsimi enye. Lo mfanekiso unako ukususa isibalo sompikiswana ukuba sibheke phambi kwesikhonkco kwindawo esondeleyo kwinqanaba lokudibanisa.
7. Ngokwemiqathango eyisiseko ye-chess, i-pawn efikelele kwindawo ephezulu kakhulu ephezulu ukusuka kwisimo sayo sokuqala iguqulwa ibe yindlovu, i-rook, ihashe okanye ikosikazi enombala ofanayo.
8. Ukumkani uhambela kwintsimi esondeleyo, ukuba umchasi angasongeli kwindawo entsha.

   Kwakhona, lo mzekelo oyintloko unokushukunyiswa ngu-castling.

   Ukuba ukumkani kunye nokugubungela umbala ofanayo uhlala kwindawo yokuqala, bashukunyiselwa kwiindawo eziphambili: ukusuka kwintsimi yokuqala ukumkani uhlelwa kwakhona kwiinkalo ezi-2 ezibhekiselele ekutyekeleni, kwaye ke ityelelo "ihamba" ngokumkani ngokuya kwintsimi elandelayo kufuphi naye.

Ukwenza i-shah ne-mat

U-Shah kukuhlaselwa kwamanani entshaba kukumkani. Kule meko, ukwazi imigaqo yomdlalo kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela yokufunda ukudlala i-chess. Awukwazi ukuhamba ngesinye isibalo, ngaphandle kookumkani, de kube uthabathe ngaphandle kwe-Shah. Ngokuncedwa yindlovu emnyama, unokwenza lula imeko ye-shahovaya kumkani omhlophe, njengoko kunjalo, nangona kunjalo: igosa elimhlophe lisongela ukumkani omnyama.

Kwimifanekiso elandelayo, i-shah ibhengezwa ngamnyama, kodwa ikhuselwe kuyo ngokuhambisa indlovu ku-c5.

Umtya ngumnxeba ongenakupheliswa. Umatshini obhengeziweyo uthathwa njengowokuphumelela. Inkcazo yeklasi: ukumkanikazi uhlasela ukumkani, ongenakho iindlela zokubuya. Mkhuphe ukumkanikazi ebhodini ukumkani akakwazi, ngokuba ukhusela ukumkani omhlophe.

Umatshini unakho ukufakwa kunye noncedo lwe-rook: i-pawn ezimnyama f7, g7 kunye ne-h7 ziphazamisa umlinganiselo omnyama wabantu abamnyama ekuphunyukeni.

Uluhlu lweencwadi ekufundeni ukudlala i-chess:

1. Levenfish G. Ya. "Incwadi yomdlali we-chess ekuqaleni" (1957).
2. URokhlin Ya. G. "Chess" (1959).
3. Iipolgaet OA "Ukuhamba emasimini amhlophe namnyama" (2006).
4. Volokitin A., uGrabinsky V. "Uzimeleyo kumfundisi we-child prodigies" (2009).
5. Yudovich MM "Ukuzonwabisa iTss" (1966).
6. U-Eyve M. "Incwadi yesifundo se-chess" (2003).
7. I-Khalas F. "Iintetho kwi-Kingdom Chess" (2016).
8. I-Kalinichenko NM "Izifundo zeeteksi zamachule ezincinci" (2016).
9. Trofimova AS "Iimfihlelo zokulawula abadlali abatsha be-chess" (2016).
10. I-Chandler M. «I-Chess yabantwana. Beka i-pape mate! "(2015).

Kwakhona siyakuphakamisa ukuba uzifundele ngemithetho yokudlala i- backgammon kunye nabahloli.