Kunzima ukungavumelani ukuba i-metro yindlela ehamba phambili kwaye ihamba ngokukhawuleza yezithuthi, ukuba kukho izitishi zendlela eziphantsi komhlaba ezigcinwe kakuhle kwi-moya ye-Madrid kunye nesiteshini sikaloliwe, kwaye ngokwenene, kwiidolophu. Ukuhamba malunga nelikhulu leSpeyin okokuqala, mhlawumbi, ukuhamba nge-metro kukhuselekile kwaye kuqoqosho, ngokungagcini nje ngezimali kuphela, kodwa nexesha lakho. Ukongezelela, inxalenye yedolophu yaseMadrid iyimyuziyam yezembali kunye nesikhumbuzo esiza kuphawula umnyaka wokuqala weminyaka engama-cent engaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu.
Ibali elincinci
Umhla wokuvula umgca wokuhamba ngomgwaqo wokuqala eMadrid nakwiSpeyin yonke-Oktobha 17, 1919, yindlela engama-3.5 km ende ephethe izitishi ezi-8. Kwaye imigudu yayincome kakhulu, ubude beefronti abuzange budlule kwimitha engama-60, kwaye ububanzi bomzila be-1445 mm. Ngowe-1936 iMetroro yaseMadrid yayinemigca emi-3 kwaye ixhunywe kwisitulo sesitimela. Ngexesha lemfazwe yenkcubeko yaseSpeyin, izitishi zasebenza njengezikhusela zebhomu. Ngomnyaka we-1944, isebe lesine laqaliswa, kwaye kwiminyaka engamashumi ama-60 isixeko kunye nendawo yokuhlala yayisele ixhunyiwe. Ngo-2007, amasebe amathathu "e-metro elula" avulwa. Ngoko babiza i-trams high-speed trams ehamba ngasentla, ngezinye izikhathi ehla emhlabathini, xa kuyimfuneko ukuhamba ngeenkalo zenkcubeko.
Kwinqanawa yaseMadrid kukho isitishi esivaliweyo - "Chambery", kuthiwa isitulo somoya. Yingxenye yendlela yokuqala yokuvula, kodwa yahlaziywa ngowe-1966, ngenxa yento eyayisondele ngokuthe ngqo kwisikhululo esilandelayo. Yavulwa ngo-Matshi 24, 2008 sele ivele njengemyuziyam phantsi komhlaba.
I-museum ye sibini ephantsi komhlaba yasungulwa kwisikhululo "iKagpetana" kumgca 6. Ngexesha lokulungiswa komhlaba ngaphantsi kwe-2008 ukuya ku-2010, Abameli abaninzi bezityalo kunye nezilwanyana ezihlala kwintsimi yaseMadrid namhlanje malunga neminyaka eyi-15 yezigidi ezedlulileyo zifunyenwe. Ngenxa yoko, bahlobisa ukutshintshwa kwesitishi.
Okokuqala-wokuqala, I-yesibini
IMetro Madrid yowesixeko esikhulu kwisixeko saseYurophu emva kweLondon. Ukuba uthatha yonke intsimi yaseYurophu, ngoko kwindawo yesithathu, okwesibini kuphela eMoscow. Isicwangciso esiqhelekileyo sinemizila engama-13, kwaye loo mva uhanjiswe ngoku kutshanje. Unxibelelwano lwee-metropolitan ludibanisa izikhululo ezingama-327, zinezikhondlo ezibini zengxangxathu kwaye zihambisa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-600 ngonyaka.
Ummandla wonke weedrosi ulwahlulwe kwiindawo ezi-6, inkulu kunazo zonke indawo ye-A yinto yeso sixeko-malunga ne-70% yobude bee-rails. Imimandla eseleyo iMntla, uMzantsi, iWest, iMpuma kunye neTFM (amadlelo kunye nezixeko zesatellithi). Njengakwezinye iindawo, umgca wendlela ongasemgceni uyahlukaniswa ngumbala wayo kunye negama. KwiMetroro yaseMadrid, igama linikwa ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kokuma. Imigqa yeendandatho kulula ukuyikhumbula: №№ 6 no-12.
Ubude bomgama phakathi kweesitishi malunga ne-800 mitha, isithuthi ngasinye sinemoto engama-4-5, kodwa kwimizila engathathi ngaphantsi okanye inomboro ebusuku iyancipha ukuya kweyintathu.
Unyaka ngamnye ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba umthendeleko we-Flamenco wenziwa ngqo kwi-metro kwenye yezikhululo. Ngaphambi kokuba bahambe ngeentsuku ezintlanu, abadlali nabaculi benza, ngelixa isikhululo singakwazi ukubeka izibukeli kwisigidi nesiqingatha sabantu.
Ungayisebenzisa njani kwaye ungayi kulahleka kuMetroro?
Iiyure zeMetro eMadrid - imihla ngemihla ukususela ngo-6 ukuya ku-1: 30 ekuseni. Ngeyure leyure, iisithuba phakathi kweetreni ziyimitha emi-2 kuphela, kwaye ngokuvalwa okanye ngeveki kusele imizuzu eyi-15. Kwiindawo ezahlukileyo, ukuhamba kwexesha lokunyuka kuyahluka. Utshintsho ukusuka kwindawo enye ukuya kwelinye lufuna ukudluliselwa.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ukuhamba kwezitimela ephantsi komhlaba kusekhohlo, ngaphandle komgca we-endaiya-iMadrid, ukwenzela ukuba uye kwenye i-apron kuyimfuneko yokusebenzisa ivesi okanye i-ladder (kungekhona zonke izikhululo ezinokwenziwa kwee-escalator). Igama elibalulekileyo kwindlela yokuhambisa ngaphantsi komhlaba "Salida" - iguqulelwe kwisiRashiya kuthetha "ukuphuma". Isitishi ngasinye sinemephu yasemaphandleni kwaye siwela izicatshulwa, kunye nenkcazo ecacileyo yezinto ezibonakalayo kwiibhloko eziliqela ngaphezulu kwentloko.
Enye into enomdla: akuyiyo yonke imoto evula ngokuzenzekelayo, ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka ucinezele iqhosha, kwaye nangaphantsi kaninzi - vula umnyango, qaphela. Kwakhona kwiimoto azizange zivakalise i-station, ngokuba isalathisi sakho kukho iipaneli ezikhanyayo kunye nomzekelo wendlela.
Kufuneka ukwazi ukuba ngaphezu kweelwimi zesiSpanish kwisayithi nakwii-terminals terminals ungafaka isiNgesi. Kodwa akukho mfuneko ukukhangela imephu okanye i-subway scheme kwisiRashiya apho.
Intlawulo kwiMetroro yaseMetro
Amathikithi athengiswa kakhulu kwiiofisi zetikiti kunye noomatshini bokuthengisa. Ngaphezu koko, oomatshini bamkela amanqaku emaphepha, iimali zemali, kunye nokutshintsha kweenguqu. Into ephela kukuba, bayayinaki i-euro yentente, ngoko kuya kufuneka ufune esinye isicelo sezinto ezincinci. Ithekiti idlula kwi-turntile, ithatyathwa ukusuka kwicala elingemuva sele isitampu somculi. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukudlula kwi-turntile, uhambo olunye lubhalwa kwitikiti.
Umzila omnye we-metro ngu-€ 1.5, abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-4 bakhululekile. Ukulungele ukuthenga ithikithi ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwi-10 ngokujikeleza kwesi sixeko nge-€ 11.2, kuya kuphuma ngokuthe tye. Itikiti ezinjalo azipheli, kwaye ziyakwazi ukudluliselwa kwelinye ikhenketho. Ukuba uya esikhuphonini, kuya kufuneka uhlawule enye eyongezelelweyo ye-1,5 €. Kuloliwe, njengomthetho, kukho umlawuli, ngubani ongachaza iindleko zemitha eMadrid kunye nexesha lomsebenzi, ukuba ulibale. Kubalulekile ukugcina ithikithi de kube sekupheleni kohambo.
Abavakhenkethi, abanomdla wokuhlolisisa iindidi ezikhangayo, bathakise ukuthenga itekethi okuthiwa yi-Abono Turistico - ithenkethi yee-1,2,3,5 kunye neentsuku ezi-7. Ukuhamba ngeentsuku ezingama-7 kuya kubiza i-€ 70.80. Kusebenza kuzo zonke iindidi zothutho kwi-A A, incl. kunye nemitha yedolophu yaseMadrid, ngaphandle kweeteksi zedolophu. Xa uthengela ithikithi enjalo, kubalulekile ukubonisa
Inyaniso enomdla:
- kuwo wonke amabini amacangci angama-radial kuphela eMadrid naseTokyo;
- Isitishi esisisiseko kunamamitha angama-49 ngaphantsi komhlaba;
- akudingeki uxhalabe malunga nomsebenzi onjani kumzila ongaphantsi kweMadrid, ngenxa yokuba Emva kokuvalwa kwayo kwimizila yeendlela zangasese, iibhasi ezikhethekileyo zobusuku zihamba;
- kwiindawo ezisezantsi, ukuba ubude bakho bungaphezulu kwe-178 cm - qaphela.