Isitena - esi sixhobo esiqingqiweyo sokugqiba, esetyenziselwa ukuhlobisa izindonga, izicingo kunye neentsika. Unesakhiwo esihle sokushushumbisa i-thermal, sinyanzeliswa kumanzi, asitshitshisi ilanga kwaye akayi kutshabalalisa kwiminyaka emininzi yokusebenza. Ukongezelela, ngoncedo lokujongana nesitena, unokwenza umatshini othakazelisayo, kunye noyilo loqobo lwangaphambili. Ziziphi iintlobo zezitena zokubumba izitena ezidume kakhulu kwaye zeziphi iimpawu zobunqaku ngamnye? Ngalokhu ngezantsi.
Iintlobo zezitena
Cinga ngeentlobo eziphambili zezitena:
- Ukucwangcisa okuqhubekayo . Ukwakhiwa kwe-Monolithic kunye nobubanzi besiqingatha sesitena. Ilitye libekwe ngaphandle kwodonga lwangaphandle. Imiqolo yezitena iboniswa yi "versts", kwaye iindawo ezizalisiweyo phakathi kwazo zi "zabutkami".
- Ubumbano obunzima . Efanelekile ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezizi-single storey / cottages. Iqulethwe ngeendonga ezimbini ezifanayo ezilinganayo ubuninzi bezitena. Ukuxabana phakathi kweendonga kugcwala izinto zokushisa ukushisa. Iphuzu elibalulekileyo: xa ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zobungakanani obuqhelekileyo ngokusebenzisa imitha yokuphakama, kufuneka udibanise umgca wemese.
- Ukuqulunqwa kwempahla . Ukusetyenziswa kwizinto ezifumana imithwalo enzima. Kwimimandla engqambileyo kunye neyesigxina, iintonga zensimbi zikhoyo, kwaye yonke imiqolo ye-3-4 yokulungiswa kwempahla yenziwa ngokusemthethweni (i-rectangular metal grids).
Apha, ubugcisa obuphambili bobugcisa buchazwe, ukhetho lwalo luxhomekeke kwinani leendawo zokugcina kunye nomthwalo kwisakhiwo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho olunye uhlobo, olusekelwe kwipateni "yeprojekthi." Apha ungakwazi ukuchonga ezi zilandelayo:
- Umgca wesisu . Apha izitena zihlala zifikelela kwisiqingatha ubude. Lo mboni unikeza ukuvalwa okufanelekileyo kwee-bottom seams. Isetshenziselwa ukujongana nezindlu zokuhlala kwanani na inani leendawo zokugcina.
- Ukubambisa eMelika . Imiqolo emininzi yokugqoka i-spoon enye enye nomqolo wezitena. Ukubetha ngexesha lokubeka lichithwa.
- Ubumbano obuthile . Izitena kunye nezitena ezinokuthi zenzeke kumqolo ngamnye.
- Ubumbano obunokukhenketho . Apha, izinto eziyilwe ngeezitena zifakwe, umzekelo, iibhanki, amabhande, ukusika kunye neenqwelwana. Ngabo, ukhululo lwodonga lunomdla kwaye lunamandla.
Iingcali zicebisa ukunikela ingqwalasela ethile kwinkqubo yokubeka, njengoko oku kubeka inani lempahla yokwakha esetyenzisiweyo kunye nexabiso lomsebenzi.
