Iimonasteri ziyingxenye ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko nembali yaseRashiya. Kwiyiphi na idolophu yaseRussia yakudala unokunyuka intaba ephakamileyo, apho uza kubona umfanekiso onqabileyo - icawa lama-Orthodox, ama-cathedrals kunye neendlunkulu. Ngoku kuya kuba nzima ukubala ukuba zingaphi iindwendwe eziseRussia. Ngokweedatha kunyaka odlulileyo kuphela ii-monasteries ezingama-804 zivela kwiCawa lase-Orthodox yaseRussia.
Zivela njani iindwendwe?
Igama lesiGrike elithi "mono" (i-monk, i-monastery) lithetha enye. Ukuze kungabikho mntu owaphazamisa ukucamngca ngokuphakade kunye nokuphila ngemithetho kaThixo, i-ascetics yachitha ixesha elide yodwa. Abantu abanjalo babedla ngokudibanisa nabantu abanomdla kwaye bafumana abafundi. Kamva, ezinye iindawo zavela ngeengcamango ezifanayo, iimfuno kunye nendlela yokuphila. Bahlala phantsi, baqalisa ukuqhuba ipulazi efanayo. Ngoko iinqununu zaseOrthodox zokuqala zavela kumhlaba waseRussia.
Amandulo aseMonasty aseRashiya
Kwidolophu yasendulo yaseRussia yaseNovgorod, eyadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubunjweni nasekuphuhlisweni kwelizwe lethu, i-Monastery yase-Yuriev ikhona. Le ndwendwe yamandulo yaseRashiya isebhankini lasekhohlo loMlambo waseVolkhov. I-Yuryev iindwendwe yasungulwa nguYaroslav the Wise. Bakha icawa yokhuni, emva koko imbali yeendwendwe ezidumileyo zaqala.
E-Rashiya, iindwendwe zazihlala ziqine. Intshaba kwakufuneka ijikeleze iindonga ixesha elide. Ngokuqhelekileyo ii-monasteri zazingabokuqala ukubetha, njengoko zazifumaneka emva kweendonga zezixeko. Kwangexesha elide eRashiya babeyiziko lokukhanyisa. Kwiindonga zeendwendwe zaziququzelelwe izikolo ezincinci, iilayibrari kunye neendibano zokusebenzela. Ngezihlandlo ezinzima, ukutya kwasasazwa kwabasweleyo, abantu abadinga kwaye abagulayo bafumana indawo yokukhusela kule ndonga.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ngenxa ye-revolution, ubukhosi baseRussia buwa, kwaye endaweni yalo kwakhiwa ilizwe elitsha lase-USSR, apho kwakungekho ndawo inkolo. Iimonasteri zazingena phantsi kwaye zavalwa. Kwakukho ama-monasteri angaphambili, iindawo zokugcina impahla okanye iiklabhu zazihlala zihlala. Kwiminyaka eyi-90 ye-XX yenkulungwane, xa i-communism yawa, iinqununu zama-Orthodox zaseRashiya zaqala ukuqhuba imisebenzi yazo. ERashiya kusekho iindwendwe ezintsha.
Iidolophu eziziwayo zaseRashiya
I-Monastery yaseNovos. Omnye wabantu abadala baseMoscow baseMoscow, abahlala kwi-Peasant Square emva kweTaganka. I-monastery yasungulwa kwi-1490 ekude kulawulo luka-Grand Duke u-Ivan III. Kuze kube yimini, ibonakala ngokuhluke ngokupheleleyo.
Indwendwe yaseBoris neGleb. Indwendwe yase-Borisoglebsky yasungulwa ngexesha lokulawula kweNkosana uDmitry Donskoy. Itholakala kwindawo eluthulileyo kumanxweme omlambo u-Ustye, ejikelezwe lihlathi. Uncedwa uDmitry Donskoy kwimvuselelo yokomoya kunye nokuziphatha kweRashiya uSergius waseRadonezh.
UZiqu-zintathu-uStegius Lavra. Oku mhlawumbi i-monastery enkulu eRussia. Imbali yoBathathu Emnye-uSergius Lavra nayo idibaniswe negama leRussia yaseSergius ephawulekayo yaseRadonezh. Wenze igalelo elikhulu ekuphuhlisweni kwe-Orthodoxy kwimeko yaseRussia. Kukho i-laurel kwisixeko saseSergiev Posad kwingingqi yaseMoscow.
Enye yeenqanawa ezinkulu zokusebenza kwiRashiya yiNdlunkulu yeNgqungquthela yasePkovkov-Pechersky. Kwasekwa ngowe-1473. Iindwendwe zijikelezwe ngeendonga ezinamandla kunye neendonga kunye neendonga. Ukusuka egameni ungaqonda ukuba le ndwendwe itholakala kwisixeko sasePechory. Optina yintlango. Indwendwe enkulukazi neyaziwayo eRashiya. Itholakala kwingingqi yaseKaluga, kufuphi nomzi waseKozelsk.
Iindwendwe ze-Suzdal zingummiselo wesi sixeko esincinane sase-Vladimir. Abaninzi babo banembali yamandulo - i-rizopolozhensky nunnery yasungulwa ngo-1207.