Ukuhlolwa kweemvavanyo zabasetyhini abakhulelweyo kwenziwa ukwenzela ukuchonga ngexesha elifanelekileyo naluphi na ukuphambuka kwimiqathango yokuphuhliswa komntwana kwaye uthathe amanyathelo afike ngexesha. Iimviwo zokuhlola i-ultrasound maziqhutywe kathathu ngexesha elichanekileyo. Uvavanyo lokuqala lwe-ultrasound luqhutywa kwiiveki ezili-11 kunye nosuku olu-1 ukuya kwiiveki ezi-14. Kulo mgca, khangela ukuba kukho iimpawu zokungaqhelekanga ngokwemvelo (iimpawu ze-Down's syndrome, ukungaphumeleli okukhulu kweengqondo kunye nomgudu, ukuvela kweengalo), okungaqhelekanga kwindlela yokukhulelwa ngokwaso (i-hematoma, ukuphazamiseka kwamaplanga, isongelo sokukhulelwa kwesisu).
I-seconds ultrasound ngexesha lokukhulelwa liqhutywa kwithuba leeveki ezili-18 kunye nomhla omnye kwaye de kube sekupheleni kweiveki ezingama-21, ngeli xesha, intliziyo yesisu ihlolwe ngenxa yobuthathaka, onke amathambo amathumbu emilenze, izandla kunye neenyawo zihlolwe, ubukho besisu, isisu, isakhiwo sobuchopho, ubukhulu be-cerebellum kunye neengqungquthela zengqondo, ukubhaliswa kokukhulelwa ngokukodwa komtya, kubonisa ukuphosakeka okungazange kubonwe kwi-screening yokuqala).
Ukuba ukungaqhelekanga okungahambelani nobomi bentsholongwane kuboniswe kwisicatshulwa sokuqala okanye sesibini, ngoko umfazi unokucetyiswa ukuba anqunywe ukukhulelwa kwizizathu zonyango (emva kwexesha eli, ukukhulelwa akuphazamiseki). Ukuba kukho ukuphulwa kophuhliso lomntwana okanye ukuphambuka kwimiqathango, ngokubhekiselele kwimiqondiso, unyango kunye nokunyamekwa kwesigulane kwixesha elizayo lokukhulelwa lichazwe.
I-ultrasound ye-screening yesithathu iqhutyelwa kwikota ye-31-33 ngeveki, ngeli xesha, intetho ye-fetal, ukukhula kokukhulelwa, imeko ye-placenta, ukuchonga zonke iingxaki ezinokuthi zenzeke ngexesha lokubeleka kwaye unika unyango olufanelekileyo ngokubhekiselele kwimiqondiso.
Iiparitha ze-ultrasound kwiiveki ezingama-20
Nangona uvavanyo lwesibini lwe-ultrasound luqhutyelwa kwiiveki ezingama-18 ukuya kwe-21, kodwa ngokugqithiseleyo umfazi okhulelwe uyathunyelwa kwi-ultrasound kwiiveki ezingama-20 zokukhulelwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iiparitha ziguquguquka phakathi kweveki ezi-1-2, kodwa iinqununu eziqhelekileyo zinquma ixesha lokukhulelwa nge-ultrasound. Izalathisi eziphambili zokumisela ixesha:
- Ubungakanani biparietal yekhayi (BPR) - phakathi kwamathambo eparietal ekhanda - elingaphandle langaphandle kunye nekhohlo langaphakathi kunye nangaphandle;
- ubude besifa;
- kuthetha ububanzi besifuba (SDHC); ithetha ububanzi besisu (SJ);
- ubukhulu be-cripal cranial size (LZR);
- ubukhulu be-placenta kunye nezinye iiparitha.
- I-ultrasound kwiiveki ezingama-18 ukuya ku-19 zokukhulelwa kunemilinganiselo elandelayo: BPR 41.8-44.8 mm, i-LZR 51-55 mm, ubude be-femy 23,1-27,9 mm, i-SDH 37,5-40,2 mm, i-SJ 43 , I-2-45,6 mm, ubukhulu be-placenta 26,2-25,1 mm, inani le-amniotic fluid 30-70 mm (de kube sekupheleni kokukhulelwa).
- I-ultrasound kwiiveki ezingama-19 zokukhulelwa : i-BPR 44.8-48.4 mm, i-LZR 55-60 mm, ubude be-femet ubude 27.9-33.1 mm, i-SDHC 40.2-43.2 mm, i-SDJ 45.6- 49,3 mm, ubukhulu be-placenta 25,1-25,6 mm.
- I-ultrasound kwiveki ye-20-21 yokukhulelwa - iiparamitha eziqhelekileyo: i-BPR 48,4-56,1 mm, i-LZR 60-64 mm, ubude be-femer 33,1-35,3 mm, i-SDHC 43,2-46,4 mm, i-SJ 49 , 3-52.5 mm, ubukhulu be-placenta 25.6-25.8 mm.
Ukongeza, kwi-ultrasound kwiiveki ezingama-20, izinga lezinga lentliziyo yesisu (intliziyo yesantya) ukusuka kwi-130 ukuya kwi-160 ibhokhwe ngomzuzu, isigqi. Ubungakanani beentliziyo kwi-ultrasound kwiiveki ezingama-20 zokukhulelwa zingama-18-20 mm, ngelixa kubalulekile ukuhlolisisa ubukho bazo zonke iigumbi ezi-4 zenhliziyo, ukuchaneka kweenqanawa eziphambili, ubukho beentsimbi zentliziyo, ukungabikho kweziphene kwiintanethi ze-ventury njalonjalo.
Kungenxa yokuhlola intliziyo ukuba i-ultrasound of the fetus ijoliswe kwiiveki ezingama-20: phambi kobubi obungavumelaniyo, kucetyiswa ukuphelisa ukukhulelwa kwizizathu zonyango. Yaye ukuba iimeko ezinokubakho zingasebenza kwiintsuku zokuqala komntwana kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba iyakwazi ukuza kuphila, umfazi okhulelweyo uyathunyelwa kwangaphambili kwiindawo ezizonyango ezizodwa zokungenelela kunye nokungenelela okutyalwa kwintliziyo yomntwana.