I-ultrasound yinxalenye yemigangatho yegolide yokuvavanya ukukhulelwa kwaye ayiyingozi kumama kunye nomntwana. Inceda ekuqaphelisweni kwangaphambili kwimeko engafanelekanga yokuphuhliswa komntwana, ukungaqhelekanga kwemfuyo (umz., Isifo se-Down) kwaye ivumela ukuphazamiseka kokukhulelwa kwangethuba kwiinyanga ezili-12. Kwimigangatho ezayo ye-yU, ukuphonononga ngethuba lokukhulelwa kuhlolwe ukuba kusetyenziswe ulutsha olongezelelweyo, ukuthobela ubungakanani balo, ubudala bexesha lobubele, kunye ne-placenta.
I-ultrasound yokuqala yokujonga ukukhulelwa
I-ultrasound yokuqala yokucoca ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwenziwa kwithuba leeveki ezingama-9-13. Yindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuxilongwa, okwenza kube lula ukukhuphela ukungabikho kweziphene ezingaphantsi komntwana. Ngeli thuba lokukhulelwa, amaninzi amaninzi kunye nezakhiwo ze-anatomical ze-fetus sele zibonakala. Kwi-ultrasound yokuqala, ungabona oku kulandelayo:
- inani leziqhamo, indawo yokudibanisa kwe-placenta, ukuvavanya imeko yeembrane ze-amniotic. Kwimeko yokukhulelwa okuninzi ukunyamekela kwinani lama-placentas (ngamawele kukho enye ipentecenta eqhelekileyo, ngamawele ahlukeneyo);
- ukugqiba iminyaka yobudala kunye nomhla wokulindela wokuziswa;
- ukuvavanya ukuchaneka kwe-placenta kunye nokwakhiwa kwentambo yomlomo;
- ukubonakalisa iimpawu zeziphene ze-chromosomal. Nge-ultrasound ye-fetus ene-Down's syndrome, uyakubona: ukungaqhelekanga iziphakamiso zamathambo empumlo, ukunyuka kobunzima bendawo, ukutshintsha kwegazi kwi-valve ye-tricuspid).
- ukuchongwa kwenani leenkuthalo zomntwana;
- ezinye iimeko zesifo (isongelo sokukhupha isisu, iimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwembulunga).
Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwe-ultrasound ye-fetus, nangona kuphunyezwe ngokunyanisekileyo, akunakukunika isiqinisekiso esingu-100% sokungabikho kwemiphumo ebusweni ngenxa yobuncinane obukhulu.
Uvavanyo lwesibini lwe-ultrasound kubafazi abakhulelweyo
Isisombululo sesibini se-ultrasound of the fetus senziwa kwiveki ye-19-23 yokukhulelwa kwaye ivumela ukuvavanya okuchanekileyo kokuchaneka kwamalungu omzimba wesisu. Ngethuba le-seconds ultrasound ngexesha lokukhulelwa, unga:
- ukugqiba ixesha elifanelekileyo lokukhulelwa;
- ukuzimisela kwesimo kunye nendawo ekhoyo yobusana;
- unqume ngesondo lomntwana;
- vavanya indawo kunye nemeko yepentecenta;
- misela inani le-amniotic fluid;
- ukujonga imeko yomlomo wesibeleko.
I-ultrasound yengqondo ye-fetal ivumela ukuba ingabandakanyi iimpazamo zokuphuhliswa kwayo, ukubona i-ventricles esecaleni kunye ne-plexuses yazo, iqondo eliphakathi kunye ne-posterior cranial fossa. I-ultrasound ye-brain fetal yenziwa ngokulandelelana kwinqanaba le-craniocaudal (ukusuka phezulu phezulu).
Uvavanyo lwesithathu lwe-ultrasound lokukhulelwa
Ukuhlolwa kwesithathu kwe-ultrasound ukukhulelwa kwenziwa kwiiveki ezingama-32-34. Kanye kunye ne-ultrasound, i-dopplerography kunye ne-carotocography eyenziwa, evumela ukuvavanya isimo somntwana wesisu kunye nemeko ye-placenta. Ngoncedo lwe-ultrasound kunokwenzeka:
- ukubonakalisa iimpembelelo zomntwana;
- ukuchonga isikhundla kunye nokubonakaliswa komntwana, ukugqithiswa kwintambo yomlomo;
- ukubala ubunzima obuqikelelweyo kunye nokukhula komntwana;
- ukuvavanya ukuhambelana komntwana kwixesha lokubamba;
- ukuvavanya imeko esebenzayo yepalenta kunye nesakhiwo sayo (ubuninzi, ubunzima, ukukhula);
- ukulinganisa inani le-amniotic fluid;
- vavanya imeko yomlomo wesibeleko;
- kumabhinqa anesigqeba sokumisa kwimbali, ukuvavanya ubukhulu beqanda kwisibeletho.
Emva kwesithathu kwe-ultrasound kumfazi okhulelwe uzimisele ukuqala kweendlela zokuhambisa.
Ngoko, saqwalasela enye yezindlela zokwenza ukuhlolwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Njengoko ubona, i-ultrasound yindlela yokuxilongwa ebaluleke kakhulu ekutyhileni i-pathology kuwo onke ama-trimesters of pregnancy, ivumela ukuba kuhlolwe imeko ye-placenta ne-fetus, kunye nokuseka ixesha elichanekileyo lokukhulelwa.