Ukongeza kwizityalo zezimbali, zikhona izityalo zokugcoba. Abayiqhakazeki yonke okanye baluqhayiseke kakhulu, kwaye bakhuliswa ngabantu ngenxa yemifanekiso yabo engavamile yokuhlobisa. Eli qela lingabandakanya i-ferns - enye yezityalo ezindala kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Namhlanje inezintlu ezili-11 eziliqela, kodwa zimbalwa kuphela ezizisebenzisayo kwi-homeloriculture kunye ne-horticulture. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa iindawo ezisemgangathweni. Phakathi kweentlobo ezidumiweyo zezi zityalo zingabizwa ngokuthi ididianum, nephrolepis , asplenium, platitseritum, ipellei, ipteris, njl.
Iifom ziyanomdla kuba zizalisa ngokwemvelo kunye noncedo lwezinto eziphambili, njengama-horsetails nama-plaque. Iingxabano ziyimbewu, yincinci kakhulu, leyo leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuba abantu bavelise ngokwenza izinto kwaye babenomdla, nokuba yingcakazo: baya kwenza okanye bangayi kusebenza? Ngoko, makhe sibone indlela le nkqubo eyenzeka ngayo.
Iimpawu zobuninzi zamaqabunga amaqabunga amakhulu amade, ezikhula ngokukhawuleza. Kwiqhekeza lamaqabunga, i-spores okanye imbewu yenziwa ukuba ivelise i-fern.
Izindlela zokuzaliswa kwamafern
Ukuveliswa kokuzaliswa kwama-fern kuquka iindlela ezimbini:
- Ukupapashwa ngama-spores . Iingxabano kulezi zityalo zise sporangia ezikwiphepha ngalinye. Ngaphandle bafana namachashaza amnyama okanye amanqatha. Ukuze ufunde ngokusebenzayo, njengoko i-ferns yanda, yinqumle iqabunga kwisityalo ngokulandelelana kothuli kwaye uyifake kwisikhwama seplastiki. Kumele kudibanise, ukuze i-spores ihlukaniswe neqabunga kwaye idibeneyo phantsi kwebhegi ngendlela yombumba obomvu. Kungcono ukwenza oku kwiindwendwe ezininzi, ngokukhawuleza ukudibanisa iphakheji. Emva koko imbewu kufuneka ihlwayelwe kwicandelwana elungisiweyo. Njengoko isetyenziselwa umxube wesanti kunye nepeat, ngamanye amaxesha kunye nokudibanisa umhlaba. Kwiimeko ezigqithiseleyo, kuvunyelwe ukuthatha i-substrate eyenziwe ngokulungelelaniso ye-senpolia. Umxube olungiselelwe kufuneka utyumle kwiiyure ezingama-4 ukukrazula iintlobo ezinambuzane kunye nokhula. Emva koko isitsha esingenanto sizaliswe ngomhlaba onomdaka malunga ne-3-4 cm eninzi kunye ne-spores isasazwa phezu komhlaba (akudingeki ukuba ifefe). Isibambiso sihlanganiswe ngeglasi ukuze kugcinwe umswakama ohlala njalo. Ukuze kuhlume ii-spores ze-fern, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukushisa kummandla we-25 ° C. Eyokuqala yamagosa avela amahlumela - isityalo encinane ngaphandle kweengcambu. Ngokungafani nezinye izityalo ze-asexual, zinobunzima besilisa nabesifazana, apho kusetyenziswa khona iseli zesini. Izihluma kufuneka zifakwe ngobunono ngesibhamu sokutshiza, kuba kuphela ukubonakala kwefilimu emanzi kuya kufakwa.
- Uhlobo lokuvelisa izityalo . Kulula kakhulu kwaye isebenza kwizityalo ezinamaqondo amaninzi okukhula. Yenza ngcono ekuwa, ngexesha lokutshintshwa kwonyaka, okanye entwasahlobo, emva kokuqala kokukhula okukhulayo. Ukwenza oku, ukwahlula isiqithi kwiindawo eziliqela okanye udibanise zibe ziseko ezihlukeneyo. Kule meko, kufuneka uhlawule ingqalelo kwinani lamaphuzu okukhula (ukudibanisa) kwi-rhizomes. Kwindlela yokutsalwa kwezityalo kubhekisela ekuveliseni iinkqubo kunye nemifuno ye-brood eyakhiwe emacaleni amaqabunga kwezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana (umzekelo, kwi-asplenium). Kodwa i-nephrolepis inokwandiswa
Ngombulelo kumanqabunga enqabileyo, ajikeleza emhlabathini, njengamadevu e-strawberry. Ukwahlukana okunjalo kunye nokuwushiya kwibhodi elincinci. Ezinye iintlobo ze-nephrolepis zinama-tubers, ezenziwe ngamanani amaninzi kumahlumela angaphantsi komhlaba. Zingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa.
Kule mihlaba inokukhula okukodwa kuphela, ukuphindaphinda usebenzisa isahlulo seengcambu kusetyenziswa. Inkqubo yengcambu yesityalo kufuneka ichithwe ngokucophelela ngekrele elibukhali phakathi kwe-rosettes. Emva koko isityalo ngasinye nenxalenye yengcambu ityalwe emhlabathini, iyanciliswa kakuhle kwaye ifakwe. Yintoni yokwenza le nkqubo inqweneleka kwimozulu epholileyo.