Imveliso yemisebenzi yama-mushroom, enezixhobo zokulwa namanye ama-microorganism, kuthiwa ngama-antibiotics. Ngenxa yezinto eziphilayo ezivelisiweyo kunye nokungabikho kwefuthe elibi kubantu, i-beta-lactam antibiotics isetyenziselwa kakhulu unyango lwe-antimicrobial, oluyeyona ndlela eyona ndlela yokwelashwa kwezifo.
Inkqubo yesenzo se-beta-lactam antibiotics
Into ephambili yalezi yobisi kukuba kukho ubude benta-lactam, obangela umsebenzi wabo. Inyathelo ephambili ijoliswe ekudaleni iinqununu phakathi kwee-enzyme ezincinci ezijongene nokubunjwa kwembrane yangaphandle, kunye namalekyuli e-penicillins kunye nezinye i-antibiotic agents. Izibophelelo ezinamandla zenza uxinzelelo lomsebenzi wezilwanyana-zifo, ukupheliswa kophuhliso lwabo, ekugqibeleni lukhokelela ekufeni kwabo.
Ulwahlulo lwe-beta-lactam antibiotics
Kukho ezine iiklasi eziphambili zeziyobisi zonyango:
1. I- penicillins , yintoni imveliso yokutshintshiselwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zefungili. Ngokwemvelaphi yazo zendalo kwaye zincinci. Iqela lokuqala lidibene kwiibicillins kunye ne-benzylpenicillins. Okwesibini, iintsholongwane ze-beta-lactam zihluke:
- I-Ampicillin, eyaziwa njengeendlela zentsebenzo enkulu;
- I-Oxacillin, i-Methicillin - iziyobisi, umphumo wokuba ugxininiso oluncinci;
- ureidopenicillins, ezonakaliswa yi-beta-lactases (iPiperacillin, Azlocillin);
- Iipenicilla ezinamandla, ezibandakanya i-beta-lactamase inhibitors (tazoctam, i-clavulanic acid), ekhusela ukutshatyalaliswa kwe- agentriya ngama-bacterium ( Amoxiclav , Unazin, Sulacilin, Augmentin).
2. I- Cephalosporins eziveliswa yi-fungus Cephalosporium zichasene kakhulu ne-beta-lactamase kuneqela elidlulileyo. Kukho i-beta-lactam antibiotics:
- Cephaloridine;
- Ceforaxime;
- Cefotaxime ;
- Cefoxytin.
3. I- Monobactam , equka i-Azrethon. Ezi zi yobisi zinomlinganiselo omncinci wezenzo, kuba zingenakusebenza ekulawuleni i-strepto-staphylococci. Ngoko ke, zichazwe, ngokukodwa ngokubhekisele kwifungi-gram-negative. Ii-Azthreons zidla ngokugqithiswa ngabagqirha ukuba zinyanzelwanga kwi-penicillin.
4. I- Carbapanemes , apho abameli beMeropenem kunye ne-Impenem, bangabaninzi beendlela ezineendlela ezininzi kakhulu. I-Meropenem isetyenziselwa iinkqubo ezinokusasazeka kakhulu, kunye nokuba akukho ziphuculo ekuthathweni kwamanye amayeza.