Imbali yokuveliswa kotywala kotywala ivela kwixesha elidlulileyo, elingenakuthi litshintshe intsomi: "Kwaye ndilapho, ndisela ubusi", "Baya kudla ntoni? IKashka. Ba yisela ntoni? Braze "njalo njalo. Kodwa le ngxaki yafumana ukuphuthuma kwangempela ngexesha lokuthiwa yi-perestroika "umthetho owomileyo", xa utywala lubekwe ngokunyanisekileyo ngokuphambuka kweengxelo eziphambili zoluntu: iintetho, ii-posters, i-Komsomol "engeyomnxila" emishadweni.
Kodwa abantu bethu, njengesiqhelo, abanako ngaphandle komlilo. Ukwamkelwa kotywala kotywala kumntu owayengumSoviet ifilosofi yonke, ukuze bangathethi ngokuchithwa komntu kunye nokulimala kotywala ngokubanzi. Kwaye, ukuhluthwa kweyona ndlela yokwelapha eyintloko (kunye ne-psychotherapeutic) kuthetha, abantu abazange balahlekelwe iintloko baze babuyele kwimvelaphi-ukuveliswa okuzimeleyo kotywala. Kwikhosi yahamba iinqununu ezenziwe ngekhaya kunye nezobuchwephesha ezingekho ngaphantsi kobugcisa bekhaya .
Okwangoku, akukho mfuneko enkulu yokwenza ikhaya okanye iwayini, izityuli zokugcina izitolo zivele zigqitywe ngobuninzi beebhotile ezinobumba obukhanyayo - khetha yonke into efanelekileyo kunye naluphi na uluhlu lwamaxabiso. Kodwa izithethe zisaphila kwaye abaninzi banokwenza imimoya ingabi ngokwanelisa iimfuno ezibalulekileyo, kodwa, ngoko kuthetha, ngenxa yothando lwenkqubo, ekunikezeni umsebenzi wabo wokuzilibazisa.
Ukwenziwa kokusela kotywala
Uninzi lwezi ziphuzo zilungiselelwe ngenxa yokusela utywala, umveliso owenzeka kwizigaba ezininzi ezinzima:
- ukulungiselela izinto ezibonakalayo;
- ukufumana utywala ngokuthe ngqo;
- ukuhlanjululwa nokunxiliswa kotywala.
Isigaba sokugqibela sibaluleke kakhulu, kuba umgangatho kunye nokukhuselwa komkhiqizo wokugqibela kuxhomekeke kuyo. Ukucoceka ukungcola okungcolileyo kunye novumba lwangaphandle (kufuneka kuphawulwe, kungathandeki) kuqhutyelwa ngoncedo lweendlela zamakhemikhali kunye nobuchwepheshe: unyango kunye ne-alkali, i-permanganate ye-potassium, i-distillation.
Uphawu olubalulekileyo lokusela utywala ngumandla walo. Ngokwenene, imveliso eqingqiweyo yokusela, nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zayo ziya kuthintela ngqo umphumo wokugqibela-nokuba ingaba yi-vodka yasekhaya, utywala okanye i-cognac. Inkqantosi, oko kukuthi, inani lee-degrees kulo lilula kakhulu ukulinganisa imitha yendlu yotywala - i-elektroniki okanye i-mercury.
Isixhobo kunye nomgaqo wesenzo se-alcoholometer
I-alcoholometer iyinhlobo ye-hydrometer-isistim sokulinganisa ubuninzi bee-liquids. Kubalwa kwindlela eninzi yokusebenza kunye neengxube ezinxilisayo, utywala obuninzi kwiindawo ezingcolileyo, ukungaqiniseki kangako ukufundwa kuya kuba. Kanye kuyimfuneko yokwenza ukubhuka ukuba i-spirtometers ayifanele ukulinganisa amandla ewayini-kuba kukho izixhobo ezikhethekileyo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-alcoholometer yincinci yecala yeglasi, inxalenye engaphantsi kwayo igcwele i-mercury, kwaye iphezulu yinqanaba. Oku kunokuba ngumlinganiselo wokukhulula komlinganiselo, kodwa amajelo anamhlanje aklanyelwe ukwenza ubomi bube lula "kubasebenzisi", ngoko unokubona ngokukhawuleza ixabiso elifunwayo - ipesenti yomxholo wotywala.
Ungayisebenzisa njani imitha yokusela yendlu?
Imeko ephambili yokuchaneka kwemilinganiselo ukuthotyelwa kuzo zonke iimfuno zenkqubo:
- Iqondo lokushisa likamanzi kufuneka libe ngu-20 ° C. Khumbula ukuba ukuba ungeze amanzi kutywala, iqondo lokushisa liphakama kwaye kufuneka ulinde de libuyela kwixabiso langaphambili;
- umxube akufanele uqule naluphi na ukungcola, ngaphandle kokusela ngokuthe ngqo kunye namanzi acocekileyo.
Ngoko, kwisitya esincinci seglasi kunye nesisombululo sokusela utywala i-mercury ingxenye yeso sixhobo okanye iphenyi-kwimeko ye-digital meter alcohol kwaye ulinde de ukunyuka kwezinga okanye utshintsho kwixabiso lokubala.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imilinganiselo ye-electroniceter ye-elektroniki yokuchaneka kunye nokulula iphezulu kakhulu kuneyona eqhelekileyo, nangona kunjalo, kwaye iindleko zayo ziphezulu.