Ukutshala ii-apula kwiimbewu zentwasahlobo ziyimigaqo ebalulekileyo ukuba abaqalisi kufuneka bazi

Ngendlela yokushisa, abaninzi balimi banomdla wokutshala iipulale kwimbewu yezityalo. Esi sihlahla esiqhamo kunye nesicwangciso esiqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, akusibo bonke abathandi, ngakumbi abaqalayo, bazi indlela yokutshala i-apula ukuze ikwazi ukuthatha ingcambu, ingaphantsi kobuhlungu idlulisele ukuphathwa kwaye kungekudala yaqala ukunika isivuno.

Indlela yokutshala izithombo zeapulo entwasahlobo?

Ukutshala izithombo ze-apula ziqala ngokuthenga kwabo. Kufuneka uthenge umthi, ulungele indawo ekhethiweyo yokuhlala. Ukuthenga umthi we-apula, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuhlukahluka kohlobo lweentlobo, imithi yezithelo eziphambene ne-ovary zifuna ezinye imithi okanye iintlobo. Ukufumana izityalo ezinomnyaka ongcono, ukukhula kwazo kufuneka kube ngu-120-130 cm. Xa uhambisa izityalo, imithi kufuneka ihlanjululwe - kufuneka ifakwe ngendwangu emanzi kwaye ifihliwe esikhwameni.

Uyakutyala nini imithi yamapula entwasahlobo?

Ukudibanisa ukutshala i-apula kwimbewu yezityalo kwakungenxa yokuba imithi yayisele ihlanganiswe ngokucacileyo kwaye ibekezelele ngokuzithemba ubusika ukuya kwindlela ebusika ebusika. Inkqubo iqala xa ikholomu ye-thermometer ihlala isigxina ngaphezu kwe-0 ° C, umhlaba ususwe ebushushu kwaye udibanisa, uguqa iintso. Ukutshala ixesha leemapula entwasahlobo:

1. Kwizithili ezisenzantsi zokuqala kokutyala phakathi ko-Apreli.
2. Kwinqanaba eliphakathi, ixesha elifanelekileyo liphela ngo-Apreli.
3. Ngasenyakatho, kucetyiswa ukuba ungcambule imithi yamapula kungekuqaleni kweMeyi.

Kuphi ukutshala ii-apula kwisiza?

Indawo yokutshala iipula-imithi kufuneka ikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo:

1. Izityalo ezide zizinzileyo zingasondeli ngaphaya kwe-3 m ukusuka kumda wendawo yokulima, engaphantsi-ayikho ngaphaya kwe-2 m.
2. Ubunzulu bendlela yokuhamba kwamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba kufuneka kube ngu-1-1.5 m.
3. Xa utyala ininzi yemithi ye-apula, umgama phakathi kwabo kufuneka ube ngu-4 m.

Kunconywa ukuba ungcambule imithi ye-apula kwiindawo apho iziqhamo zemveliso azizange zikhule ngaphambili. Emva kokuhluthwa kweemifanekiso ezindala, icebo litsalelwe iminyaka engama-1-2 kunye nemifuno okanye iindida zengca, i-apula ityalwe. Ekubeni umhlaba wonke kuya kufuneka utshintshwe kwiindawo zokutshala kwiindawo zokuhlaliswa kwezimbewu. Lo mthi uthanda inhlabathi e-loamy. Ngoko ke, ukuba umhlaba kwisayithi uhlambulukile, kufuneka uhlanjululwe kunye ne-peat kunye nesihlabathi somnxweme, ukuba i-sandy - peat kunye ne-humus.

Indlela yokunciphisa imithi yeapula xa ityala?

Ngona kunye nokucoca ngokugqithiseleyo ngaphandle kwe-nursery, inxalenye yeengcambu zekhefu, eziphazamisa umlinganiselo phakathi kwepropati kunye nenxalenye yomhlaba yesityalo. Ukutyala izihlahla ze-apula xa utyalo entwasahlobo kwenziwa ukuze wenze isithsaba. Izilwanyana ezineminyaka elilodwa ezixhaswayo zichithwa kumgangatho we-90-110 cm ukusuka kwinqwelo lomhlaba, ngelixa zizitye, zinciphisa i-1/3 zonke iigatsha.

Indlela yokutshala izithombo zeapulo?

Xa umthi uphuhlisiwe, kuyimfuneko ukugcina ngokungqongqo imigaqo yokutyala umthi wase-apula - ukulungiselela umgodi wesilinganisi esifanelekileyo, ukucwina umhlaba, ukulungisa umhluma, uze uwugcine kakuhle. Ngaphambi kwenkqubo, iingcambu zenkcubeko kufuneka zihlanjululwe ngokukhululekile. Ngenxa yoko, unako ukubamba umthi we-apula kwibhakethi yamanzi iiyure ezingama-24. Ngoko i-root root will be filled with moisture, which will protect it from drying out.

Ungalungiselela njani umgodi wokutshala umthi we-apula entwasahlobo?

Ukutshala okusemgangathweni kwemipula kwimifuno yentwasahlobo kuqhutyelwa emgodini ombongwe kwangaphambili. Kufuneka ilungiswe iintsuku ezi-7-10 ngaphambi komsebenzi. Iiparamitha ezilandelayo kufuneka zigcinwe kulo mthombo:

1. Amabanga aphakamileyo (2 m) - ububanzi be-100-110 cm, ubunzulu-70 cm;
2. Ngaphakathi (1.2 m-2 m) - ububanzi be-100 cm, ubunzulu-60 cm;
3. Ukugqithisa (ukuya kwi-1.2 m) - ububanzi be-90 cm, ubunzulu-50 cm.

Ukulungisa umgodi wokutshala imithi yamapula entwasahlobo:

1. Ukumba umgodi phantsi komsila, kubalulekile ukwahlula umhlaba - ungqongqo ophezulu (ukuya kwi-30 cm, ngaphezulu kakhulu) - ukuzahlula, kuya kusetyenziselwa ukutyala.
2. Umgobo ovuliwe kufuneka ukhululeke ngefosholo, gcwalisa isiseko ngezitena eziqhekekileyo, ityile, igobolondo le-walnut. Uluhlu olunjalo luya kuba ngumjelo ogqityiweyo wokunyamezela okuninzi.
3. Ukulungele ngolu hlobo umgodi we-2/3 ulala nobunqamle kwi-topsoil edibeneyo exutywe kunye nezichumisi.

Kuchaneka njani ukutshala izithombo ze-apula?

Kulo mgodi olungiselelwe ukutsalwa okufanelekileyo kwezimbewu ze-apula zenziwa:

1. Ingxowa iqhutyelwa kwingxuma-le yenkxaso yesikhathi esizayo.
2. Umthi ufakwa phakathi kwindunduma, iingcambu ziyasasazeka ngeendlela ezihlukeneyo kwaye zimboze ngokubanzi komhlaba, ngokulandeleleneyo, ngokunyanisekileyo.
3. Ukutyala kwemipula kwimifuno yasentwasahlobo kwenziwa ukwenzela ukuba indawo yokukhula kwesiqu kunye neengcambu zihlala ziphakanyiswe ngaphezu kwezinga elingama-4-5 cm.
4. Iingcambu zomgodi zihlanganiswe ngokubanzi.
5. Isihlahla somthi we-apula sigxininiswe kwisibonda, inkxaso kufuneka ibe yi-1.5 m ngaphezu komgangatho womhlaba.
6. Ubume bendawo yokugcina amanzi ngumthombo wokunisela. Iimbewu ezincinci zihlanjululwe ngamanzi de kube umhlaba unqumle ukusondeza umswakama. Ukwenza oku, yenza umgodi kwisangqa ngokujikeleza kwesiqu. Ukunkcenkceshela kaninzi ngokwaneleyo 3-4 iibhakethi zamanzi.
7. Emva kokuba umthi ufanele uhlanganiswe ngoluhlu lwe-3-6 cm. Ukuze wenze oku, sebenzisa i-peat, humus, utshani. I-Mulch ivimbela ukubunjwa kwendawo yokukhupha emhlabeni, iyakuthanda ukulondolozwa kwomswakama kunye nokuhamba kwe-oksijini kwizimpande.

Amafomati ekutyalweni kwemithi yamapula entwasahlobo

Xa uthaka imithi ye-apula enezityalo, umgodi kufuneka unikezwe ngomxube wokutya. Kule ndawo, uluhlu oluphezulu luxutywe kunye nezichumisi eziphilayo (1-2 iibhakethi) kunye ne-mineral (200-300 g superphosphate , 40-60 g potassium chloride okanye i-300-400 g ye-ash ash). Umxube uphantsi kwezantsi lomgodi ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu. Iimveliso ze-nitrogenous emgodini azibandakanyi ukukhusela ingcambu. Kwiveki kamva, ukuthambisa okutsha kunye nokucoca izithombo ze-apula emva kokutshala. Umthi uphinde uxutywe ngobuninzi bamanzi, udibanise kuyo i-mix-nitrogen-mix containing - 35-40 grams we nitroammophoska okanye i-nitrate yammonium nge-10 ilitha amanzi.

Unokunyamekela njani izithombo ze-apula emva kokutshala?

Inkcubeko encinane iya kufuna ukunyamekela okufanelekileyo:

1. Izityalo ze-apula zihlanjwe emva kokutshala. Uncishiswe ngumbongo ophakathi kweengongoma ezi-3-4 - oku kukhuthaza ukukhula kwezihluthulelo. Ukuba sele sele enama-squeletty branches, ngoko kufuneka babe phantsi kompompo ophakathi-kufuneka abe phantsi.
2. Ngomnyaka wokuqala wobomi, ukunyamekela umthi we-apula kukunisela nokukhusela ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ukuqala kwamasonto ama-5 ukuya ku-6 kumanzi ngamanzi ibhakethi yamanzi ngeveki. Emva koko ikhefu linyuka - 2-3 iibhakethi zamanzi rhoqo kwiiveki 2-3.
3. Isangqa sesiqu sigcinwa sikhululekile nokhula, sikhululiwe kwaye sixutywe yi-humus okanye ingca. Xa umthi we-apula ungena ngexesha lokulima, i-mulching ingavalwa.
4. NgoMeyi, emva kokutshala i-apula-tree inganisela nge-sodium humate-dilesi 1 tbsp. i-spoonful yeyeza kwibhakethi yamanzi uze uphefise isityalo, 2 ilitha yomxube uya kushiya umthi omnye.
5. Ukuze ungafihli umthi omncinci kunye nekhemistri, unokucwangcisa abondli beentaka kuwo - baya kutshabalalisa izinambuzane. Nangona umthi we-apula usemncinane, ama-parasites angasuswa ngesandla.
6. Ngomhla wolwasahlobo, qalisa ukudala i-scraps - umqhubi weziko kunye namagatsha e-squelettes ancishiswe ngu-2/3 ubude, amahlumela omisiweyo kunye neentsholongwane ezikhula ngaphakathi kwisebe zisuswa. Isithsaba senziwa emthini kwiminyaka emi-5 yokuqala, emva koko zenziwe i-cuttings.
7. Umthi ovuthiweyo uphathwe ngokuchasene nezilwanyana: i-700 g yerea ichithwa kwi-10 ilitha yamanzi kwaye unkcenkceshela isithsaba. Unokusebenzisa isisombululo se-3% sobhedu okanye i-vitriol yesinyithi. Inkqubo yenziwa entwasahlobo kuze kube yinto evulekileyo. Emva kokuqhakaza, umthi unkcenkceshwa ngesisombululo se-10% seCarbophos, i-Aktellik. Ukunkcenkceshwa kwesithathu kwenziwa ngokuwa emva kokuwa kwamagqabi kunye nesisombululo se-5% se-urea.
8. Imithi ye-apula ekhulileyo ihanjiswa ngamanye amaxesha:

1. Ekupheleni kuka-Epreli, ama-5-6 amabhakethi ama-humus asasazeka kwi-circle.
2. Ngaphambi kokuqhuma: i-800 g ye-sulfate ye potassium, i-1 kg ye-superphosphate, ibhotile ye-Effeton ye-1 iyadluliselwa kumgqomo wama-lititha ezingama-200. Ukuxhamla kubambelela ngeveki, ukusetyenziswa - 40 ilitha ngomthi.
3. Xa isiqhamo sithelelwa kwi-lititha ezingama-200 zombhobho wamanzi, i-200 g ye-sodium humate, i-1 kg ye-nitrofoss ihlaziywa. Isisombululo sinyunyiswe ngombhobho omanzi, ukusetyenziswa yi-3 ibhakethi ngomthi.
4. Kuwe, i-300 g ye-superphosphate inokuthululwa phantsi kwesiqu.

Ngumnyaka onjani umthi wa-apula uthela izithelo emva kokutshala?

Abagadi beliqalo banomdla kumbuzo - emva kweminyaka emininzi umthi we-apula uthela izityalo emva kokutshala. Le yintsika yerharnate, ngokwemyinge, ekufanelekile ukulinda isivuno seminyaka emi-5 emva kokuhlanjululwa kwembewu eneminyaka elilodwa. Kukho iintlobo nge-fruiting ngokukhawuleza - kwiminyaka eyi-3-4 inika iziphumo ze-Welsey okanye i-Lobo, i-subspecies ezincinci ziyakukholisa kunye nezivuno ezikhawulezayo. Ukuba utshala imbewu eneminyaka engama-2-3 ensimini, emva kweminyaka engama-2-3 unokwazi ukuzama ama-apula kuwo. Ukutya okumile ngokukhawuleza kuhambelana nezimo zezulu ezomileyo nezitshisayo, kunye nezulu lezulu linciphisa izityalo.