Ukuthintela izifo ezithathelwanayo - zonke iintlobo kunye nezindlela zokukhusela kwizifo

Ukuthintela izifo ezithathelwanayo, njengomthetho, akunakunzima. Nangona kunjalo, izilingo ezilula zikunceda ukunqanda iingxaki ezinzulu, kuba izifo ezibangelwa zizifo eziphilayo zilula ukukhusela kunokunyanga.

Iintlobo zezifo ezithathelwanayo

Kwimichiza, ukuhlelwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo kwenziwa ngoluhlobo lwe-pathogen. Ukuqhubela phambili oku, izifo zenzeke:

1. Viral. Ezi ncinci zinokubangela ukuqala kwezifo eziyingozi. Kwakhona kubangela ubanda kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kukhokelela ekuphuhliseni izicubu.
2. Ibhaktheriya. Ezinye iintlobo zebhaktheriya ziyimfuneko ekusebenzeni ngokufanelekileyo komzimba, kodwa kukho iindidi ezinobungozi. Oku kubangela izifo zendawo ezahlukileyo kunye nobuqili obukhulu. Ngenxa yabo, umzekelo, kunokuba kuyimfuneko ukukhusela usulelo lwe-meningococcal.
3. Chlamydia. Ezi iibhaktheriya ezinokukhula nokuchasene neziyobisi ezinxamnye ne-antibacterial. Bavusa ukuvuvukala kwenkqubo ye-urrogen, imiphunga, i-trachoma.
4. Mycoplasmal. Olu hlobo lweebhaktheriya alinaso iindonga zeseli, kodwa lusenokutshabalalisa kakhulu imiphumo yokuphefumula okanye i-urrogenital system.
5. Rickettsial. Kukho iindidi ezininzi kwaye kubangele i-pathologies enamandla.
6. Spirochectric. Iibhaktheriya ezihambayo ezihambayo ezihamba phambili eziyingxenye yemifuno yomlomo enempilo, kodwa ikwazi ukudala i-syphilis, typhoid, leptospirosis.
7. Mycosis. Olu hlobo lwezifo ezithathelwanayo lubangela isikhunta.
8. Prototic. Ukuphuhliswa ngenxa yesenzo esibalulekileyo se-unicellular parasites - amoebae, lamblia, balantidium.
9. Helminthic. Izifo ezinjalo zivela ngenxa yeempethu, ezihlala zihlala emathunjini, kodwa zinokuchaphazela imiphunga, ingqondo, isibindi.

Izindlela zokuthintela izifo ezithathelwanayo

Zininzi zazo. Amanyathelo amundoqo okukhusela izifo ezithathelwanayo:

1. Ukugonywa. Emva kokusungulwa kwezinto ezikhuselekileyo kumzimba, ukuchasana kwimizimba ehlukeneyo ye-pathogens kwanda.
2. Ukugonywa. Oku kukuthintela jikelele izifo ezithathelwanayo. Inceda ekuqiniseni ukukhuselwa komzimba kwaye igxininise ukungena kwe-vitamin complexes, ukutya okunempilo okunempilo, ukuthobela imithetho yezinto zokucoceka.
3. Ukuqhawulwa kwezigulane.
4. Chemoprophylaxis. Ukuthintela okunjalo izifo ezithathelwanayo kuqhutyelwa ukwenzela ukuyeka ukuveliswa kwezilwanyana ezikhuhlane kunye nokukhusela ukuphindaphinda okanye iingxaki zesifo.

Ukukhuselwa ngokuthe ngqo kwezifo

Ingundoqo yendlela yendalo yokuzikhusela. Amanyathelo afanelekileyo ekuthintela ukusuleleka kubandakanya ukuveliswa kweenkqubo zendalo ezibangelwa ngumzimba xa i-pathogen ingena kuyo. Ziza ngeendlela ezintathu:

1. Esebenzayo. Olu hlobo lokuthintela luquka ukuqaliswa kweegciwane eziphilayo, kodwa ezibuthakathaka okanye ezifayo ezincinci. Siyabulela kule nto, ukukhuselwa komzimba kuqala ukuvelisa izifo zengqungquthela. Ukuphuhliswa koxhatshazo lwendalo kungathatha iiveki ezi-3 ukuya kwezine.
2. I-Passive. Ngokuqhelekileyo iqhutywe ngexesha leengcinezelo, xa kungekho xesha lokulinda iziphumo zokugonywa. Ukugcinwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo ngokusesikweni kwintlupheko yesifo se-antibodies esele ikulungele.
3. Active-passive. Umxube weendlela ezimbini zokukhusela ezichazwe ngasentla. Umzimba wesigulane usungulwa kunye nesigontsho, kunye ne-serum enee-antibodies. Ezi zilandelayo azihlali ixesha elide, kodwa iiveki ezimbalwa zanele ukuqala ukubunjwa kwe-immunity.

Ukuthintelwa okungafunekiyo kwezifo

Ziyinkimbinkimbi yezenzo ezichaphazela ukusasazeka kwezifo ezifo. Ukuthintela ngokuthe ngqo izifo ezithathelwanayo zilandelayo:

• ukuhamba rhoqo kwendawo;
• hlamba izandla;
• ukuphepha ukuhlala kwezihlwele ezinkulu;
• ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokukhusela;
• lukhuni ;
• ukwanda kwi-immunity.

Ukuthintela izifo ezithintekayo ezichaphazelekayo kubandakanya nokuxhomekeka komntu-isicwangciso semilinganiselo ejoliswe ekunciphiseni ukuqhagamshelana nabantu abanezempilo abanezigulane. Isilinganisi kunye nexesha lazo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesifo, ukubaluleka kwalo. Umgaqo wecala oqhelekileyo wezifo zonke ulwahlukanisa kuphela emva kokuba ixesha elide lokutshatyalaliswa kwesifo sele lidlulile emva kokubuyiswa kwesigulane esiphelileyo esibhaliweyo.

Ukukhusela ngokukhawuleza kwezifo

Isilinganiselo esinjalo sokuthintela luyinkimbinkimbi yamanyathelo enyango owenzelwa abantu abanegciwane. Ukugcinwa kwezifo ezikhuselweyo ngokukhawuleza kuyasetyenziswa emva kokungena komsunguli kwimbutho ngenjongo yokulumkisa ukuphuhliswa kwayo. Kwenzeka:

• jikelele (ngokungabonakaliyo);
• ethile.

Olu lugqithiso luyenziwa emva kokuba uhlobo lwesifo sisuselwe kwaye uvakalelo lwawo mayeza lugqityiweyo. Ngokuhambelana nezidakamizwa ezithile, izigulane zivame ukuba zichazwe ngama-antihistamines kunye nama- immunomodulators . Ukukhusela okungaxakekanga ngokukhawuleza, izidakamizwa ezibanzi zisetyenziswe, njenge:

• Rifampicin;
• Tetracycline;
• Doxycycline;
• Sulfaton.

Izifo ezithintekayo nezikhusela

Ngokuxhomekeke kwiindlela zokuhambisa, kuyinto yesiko ukuchonga amaqela anesifo:

• idluliselwa ngendlela yomlomo;
• amaconsi;
• nge vectors;
• ngokuqhagamshelana negazi elingcolileyo;
• indlela yokuqhagamshelana nomndeni.

Izifo ezithintekayo-izigaba kunye nokukhusela-zilawulwa kwinqanaba likarhulumente. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwimeko yezifo zesifo, izigulane zinikezelwa kubemi, ukukhuselwa kunye nokukhutshwa kokhuseleko kwendalo. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, izigulane zinokubonelelwa ngezokwelapha kuphela, kodwa nakwintlalo-ntle, abasebenzi okanye uncedo lwengqondo.

Ukuthintela ukusuleleka kwezifo zesondo

Amanyathelo okukhusela alula. Ukuthintela usulelo lwe- HIV kunye nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo zihambelana nale mithetho elandelayo:

1. Ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo, iikhondom kufuneka zisetyenziswe rhoqo.
2. Omnye kufuneka azame ukuphepha abafowunelwa bezesondo ngokungahambiyo kunye nokubandlulula ngobomi besondo.
3. Bobabini abalingani kufuneka bahambisane nemimiselo yococeko olusondeleyo.

Amanyathelo angxamisekileyo okuthintela usulelo lwe-HIV kunye nezinye izifo zesondo kufuneka zithathwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokulala ngaphandle kwekhondom kunye nomlingane ongathandabuyo okanye xa ukhulelwe isisu. Eyona ndlela ibonakalisiweyo ibonisa ukuba:

• Betadine;
• Miramistin;
• Chlorhexidine.

Ukuthintela ukusulelwa kwamathumbu emathumbu

Iziphumo ezinzima zezifo zinokuthintelwa ukuba zichongwa ngexesha, kodwa kulula ukukhusela izifo. Ukuthintela ukusuleleka kwezifo zamathumbu emathunjini kunje :

1. Ukukhethwa kokutya makuqwalaselwe ngokucophelela. Musa ukuthenga ukutya kwiindawo ezisolisayo.
2. Ukutya kufanele kuphekwe kakuhle. Musa ukunyamekela unyango lwentsholongwane.
3. Yonke imithetho yokugcina ukutya kufuneka ibonwe.
4. Izitya zokutya kufuneka zidliwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokupheka. Ngaphandle koko, xa ukupholisa, iimbonakalo zandisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuzo.
5. Ngaphambi kokutya, kufuneka uhlambe izandla zakho.
6. Ukupheka kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amanzi ahlambulukileyo kuphela.

Ukuthintela usulelo lwe-enterovirus

Amanyathelo okukhusela afana nokuthintela ukusulelwa kwamathumbu emathumbu. Indlela yokuphepha i- rotavirus :

1. Phuza kuphela amanzi ahlambulukileyo okanye abilisiwe.
2. I-Bathe kwiindawo ezivunywe ngesikhululo se-sanitary ne-epidemiological, kodwa nanko akufanelekile ukugwinya amanzi.
3. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba ilungu ngalinye lentsapho kunye neenkampani zinalo izitya zabo.
4. Ekhaya kuyafuneka ukuba uhlambulule imanzi rhoqo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-disinfectant.
5. Ngezifo zesifo, kufuneka ugweme indawo zeendawo eziphezulu zabantu, kwaye ukuba unakho na izikhalazo ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwingcali.

Ukuthintela ukusuleleka kwezifo

Ukuthintela kakhulu ukukhuselwa kwezifo zentsholongwane. Ukongezelela, unokuzikhusela kwii-microorganism ezinokuphila ngendlela enempilo, ukulungelelanisa usuku lwakho ngokufanelekileyo, ukukhusela umkhuhlane, ukuphepha ukudibanisa nabantu abagulayo kunye neendawo zokutyelela izihlwele ezininzi ngexesha losuleleka, ukugcina yonke imithetho yokucoceka.

Ukuthintela ukusuleleka kwezifo

Abasebenzi bezonyango kufuneka baqaphele ngokucophelela zonke iimfuno ezikhuselekileyo kunye nococeko kunye nolwachasayo. Ukuthintela ukusuleleka kwezibeleko kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwee-antiseptic agents eziphezulu, ukubethelwa kweempahla ezigunyazisiweyo. Zonke izigulane nezigulane kufuneka zenziwe kwiiglavu kunye nemaski. Ingaba njani ukuphepha izifo ezithathelwanayo? Umsebenzi ngamnye wesibhedlele kufuneka agonywe kwizifo ezifana ne-diphtheria, i-hepatitis B, i-influenza nabanye.