Ukugula kokulala, okanye i-trypanosomiasis yase-Afrika, isifo sesifo sezilwanyana ezidlulayo kubantu nasezilwaneni eziqhelekileyo e-Afrika. Unyaka ngamnye le nkathalo ifunyanwe ubuncinane abantu abayi-25 000.
Indawo, iifom kunye nama-causative agents of illness
Ukugula kuqhelekileyo kumazwe ezwekazi laseAfrika, elisezantsi kweSahara. Kule ndawo zihlala ngeempukane zegazi eziphuza igazi, ezithwala izi zifo. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezilwanyana ezifayo ezi sifo ezichaphazela abantu. Ezi zi-unicellular organisms ze-genus Trypanosomes:
- I-Trupanosoma gambiense yi-ejenti yokubangela ye-Gambian (eNtshona Afrika) yesifo, eqhelekileyo eNtshona naseMntla Afrika eduze kwamagumbi amanzi;
- I-Trypanosoma rhodesiense - ii-agents ezibangelwa i-Rhodesian (i-East African) yesifo eso, esiqhelekileyo e-East Africa, kwi-savannahs.
Zombili izifo ezifayo zidluliselwa ngokubethelwa kwee-fly insects. Bahlasela umntu emini, ngelixa kungekho zixhobo ezikhusela kulezi zinambuzane.
Ngexesha lokuluma, i-tsetse izimpukane zama-trypanosomes zingena kwigazi lomntu. Ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza, bathathwa kuwo wonke umzimba. Ukuzikhethela kwezi ntlupheko kukuba nganye yezizukulwana zabo zivelisa iprotheyini ekhethekileyo, eyahlukileyo kwiphondo langaphambili. Kule nkalo, umzimba womntu akanalo ixesha lokuhlakulela izikhusela ezikhuselekileyo.
Iimpawu zokugula
Ukubonakaliswa kwezi zimbini zeso sifo kuyafana, kodwa i-East Africa ifom kwiimeko ezininzi kunzima kakhulu kwaye ekungabikho kwonyango kunokuphela kwesiphumo esibulalayo ngexesha elifutshane. Ifom ye-Afrika yaseMpuma ibonakaliswe ukunyuka kwexesha kwaye ikwazi ukuhlala iminyaka emininzi ngaphandle kokunyanga.
Kukho izigaba ezibini zesifo sokulala, ezinokubonakalisa okuthile:
1. Isigaba sokuqala, xa ama-trypanosomes esesegazini (emva kweveki ezi-3 emva kokusuleleka):
- ukubonakala kwisayithi sokuluma kwe-nodule ehlungu (njengomthetho, kwabemi abangabemi bomthonyama);
- umkhuhlane;
- khulisa;
- ukuthuthumela komzimba;
- intloko;
- intlungu;
- ukubetha;
- kulala .
1. Isigaba sesibini, xa i-trypanosomes ingena kwinkqubo ye-nervous central (emva kweveki ezimbalwa okanye iinyanga):
- entloko;
- umkhuhlane;
- ukungakhathaleli;
- buthathaka;
- u kulala;
- ukuphazamiseka kwemoto;
- zixhala ;
- coma.
Unyango lokugula
Ngaphambi kokuveliswa kweziyobisi ngenxa yokugula, le ntsholongwane yabangela ukuba kube nemiphumo emibi. Kuze kube namhlanje, ithemba lokufumana unyango lungcono ngaphambili kwesifo sifumaneka. Ulwaphulo lunqunywe yindlela yesifo, ubunzima besifo, ukuxhatshazwa kwezilwanyana kwizilwanyana, ubudala kunye nomqathango jikelele wesigulane. Ukunyangwa kwesifo sokulala, ngoku kukho izidakamizwa ezine eziphambili:
- I-Pentamidine isetyenziselwa ukuphatha ifom yeGambi ye-trypanosomiasis yase-Afrika kwisigaba sokuqala.
- I-Suramin - isetyenziselwa ukuphatha uhlobo lweRhodesian lokugula ukugula kwisigaba sokuqala.
- I-Melarsoprol - isetyenziswe kuzo zombini iintlobo zokukhubazeka kwisigaba sesibini.
- Eflornitin - isetyenziswe kwifomu yaseGambian yesifo sokulala kwisigaba sesibini.
Ezi zi yobisi zinetyhefu, ngoko zenza iziphumo ezibi kakhulu kunye neengxaki. Kule nkalo, unyango lokugula ukugula kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela ngabachwephesha abaqeqeshiweyo kwiiklinikhi ezizodwa.
Amanyathelo okukhusela ukugula ukugula:
- Ukukhanyela ukutyelela indawo apho kukho umngcipheko ophezulu wokuluma ngezimpukane ze-tsetse.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokukhusela.
- Injini ye-intramuscular ye-pentamidine rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu.