Ngonyaka kwi planethi kukho abantwana abayizigidi ezi-8 abaneengxaki ezingapheliyo. Ewe, awukwazi ukucinga ngale nto kwaye uthemba ukuba awusoze wathinteka. Kodwa, ngenxa yeso sizathu, uhlalutyo lofuzo lufumana ukuthandwa ngokukhulelwa namhlanje.
Unokuthembela kwixesha elizayo, kodwa akusiyo yonke into eyenzekayo ukuqikelela, kwaye kungcono ukuzama ukukhusela intlungu enkulu kwintsapho. Zininzi izifo ezizalwe zizizukulwana ezinokuthi ziyakunqandwa xa ufumana unyango kwisigaba sokucwangciswa kokukhulelwa. Kwaye konke okufunekayo kukubonisana kwangaphambili kunye nomfuzo. Emva kwakho konke, nguDNA yakho (eyakho kunye nomyeni wakho) enokumisela impilo yakho nempawu zobomi bakho ...
Njengoko sele kuthethwe ngaso, kubalulekile ukubonisana nale ngcali kwiziko lokucwangcisa. Ugqirha uya kuba nakho ukuchaza kwangaphambili impilo yekusasa lomntwana, ugqibe umngcipheko wokubonakala kwezifo ezifa, kukuxelela ukuba uphando olunjani kunye neemvavanyo zofuzo kufuneka zenziwe ukuze ziphephe i-pathologies.
Uhlalutyo lwe-Genetic, oluqhutyelwa kokubili ngexesha lokucwangcisa kwaye ngexesha lokukhulelwa, luchaza iimbangela zokukhulelwa kwesisu, lubeka umngcipheko wokungabikho kokuzalwa komntwana kunye nezifo ezithandekayo kwi-fetus, phantsi kwefuthe lezinto ze-tetragonal ngaphambi kokukhulelwe kwaye ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Qinisekisa ukuba uqhagamshelane ne-geneticist ukuba:
- unomama olilindele ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-35;
- Kwintsapho kukho izifo ezizalwe ngumntu;
- Wazalelwa ngumntwana onenkinga yokuzalwa komntwana;
- ezichaphazelekayo ngeemeko ezinobungozi ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye ngexesha lokukhulelwa (i-X-ray, ukuthatha imithi ethile, imisebe);
- Ngethuba lokukhulelwa, umama okhuselekileyo wayethatyathwa yintsholongwane yentsholongwane ye-viral (i-toxoplasmosis, i-rubella, izifo zokuphefumula, i-influenza);
- ukuba le ntokazi yayinezintlu okanye izilwanyana;
- abafazi abakhulelweyo abasengozini yokuhlalutya i-biochemical and ultrasound.
Iimvavanyo ze-Genetic kunye neemvavanyo ezenziwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa
Enye yezona ndlela eziphambili zokumisela ukuphulwa ekuveleni kwefubus kukuhlolwa kwe-intrauterine, eyenziwa ngoncedo lwe-ultrasound okanye uphando lwezinto eziphilayo. Nge-ultrasound, i-fetus isetshenziswe-le ndlela ekhuselekileyo neyingozi. I-ultrasound yokuqala iqhutywe kwiiveki ezi-10-14. Sekule xesha, kunokwenzeka ukuxilonga i-chromosome pathologies ye-fetus. I-ultrasound yesibini ecwangcisiweyo yenziwa ngeeveki ezingama-20 ukuya kwe-22, xa uninzi lwezinto ezingaqhelekanga ekuphuhlisweni kwezitho zangaphakathi, ubuso kunye neengalo zomntwana sele sele zizimisele. Ngeveki ye-30-32, i-ultrasound inceda ukufumanisa iziphene ezincinci ekuphuhliseni umthambo, inani le-amniotic fluid kunye ne-placenta engavamile. Kwimiqathango ye-10-13 neye-16 ukuya kwi-20 ukuya kweye-20 ukuya kweye-20 ukuya kwe-20 ukuya kwe-20 ukuya kwe-20 ukuya kwe-20 ukuya kwe-20 ukuya kwe-20 ukuya kwe-20 ukuya kwe-20 ukuya kwe-20 ukuya kwe-20. Ezi ndlela zingentla zibizwa ngokuba yi-invasive. Ukuba i-pathology ifunyenwe kulezi zihlalutyo, ke iindlela zokuhlola ezingenayo zichazwe.
Kwizifundo ezingenasiphelo, oogqirha "bahlasele" umlomo wesibindi: bathabatha izinto zokuphanda kwaye baqikelele i-karyotype ye-fetal ngokuchaneka ngokuchanekileyo, okwenza kube lula ukukhuphela i-pathologies yofuzo njenge-Down's syndrome, u-Edwards nabanye. Iindlela ezidibeneyo zi:
- I-chorion biopsy - iiseli zithathwa kwi-placenta ezayo ngokugqitywa kwindonga yangasese yangaphambili. Ugcinwe ixesha elidlulileyo kwiiveki ezingama-9 ukuya ku-12. Inqubo ayihlali ixesha elide, umphumo uza kuba iintsuku eziyi-3-4, ukusulelwa kwesisu-2%. Kodwa ukuba bafumanisa i-pathologies ye-gene, ngoko kunokwenzeka ukuphazamisa ukukhulelwa kwizigaba zokuqala;
- u-amniocentesis - uhlalutyo lwe-amniotic fluid kwiiveki ezili-16 ukuya ku-24. Le ndlela yindlela ephephile, kuba ipesenti yeengxaki azikho ngaphezu kwe-1%. Kodwa umphumo uya kufuneka ulinde ixesha elide, njengoko iingcali "zikhula" iiseli, kwaye le nkqubo ithatha ixesha;
- I-Cordocentesis - ukugqitywa kwentambo yomntwana we-fetus elandelwa ngumqoqo wegazi, iqhutyelwa ixesha elide leeveki ezingama-20-25. Olu luhlalutyo oluchanekileyo, olwenziwe iintsuku ezi-5;
- i-placentocentesis - iisampuli zeeseli ezisuka kwi-placenta, equle iiseli ze-fetus. Umngcipheko weengxaki u-3-4%.
Xa uqhuba le nkqubo, umngcipheko weengxaki ziphezulu, ngoko uhlalutyo lofuzo olukhulelweyo lomntwana lukhutshwe ngokwemiqathango eqingqiweyo yonyango. Ukongeza kwizigulane ezivela kwiqela leengozi yemfuyo, ezi hlalutyo zenziwa ngabasetyhini xa kukho umngcipheko wezifo,
Ezi zivavanyo zenziwa kuphela kwisibhedlele sosuku phantsi kolawulo lwe-ultrasound, kuba ibhinqa emva kokuziphatha kwayo kufuneka libe phantsi kweliso lweengcali kwiiyure eziliqela. Unokumiselwa ngamachiza ukukhusela iingxaki.
Xa usebenzisa ezi ndlela zokuxilonga, ukufikelela kwi-300 ye-5000 izifo zofuzo kungafunyanwa.