I-Thrombocytopenia yintsilelo okanye izinga eliphantsi leeplatelet zegazi (platelet). La maseli egazi angenakubala angabalulekanga kakhulu kwi-clotting yegazi. Ukubhengezwa kwe-thrombocytopenia kunokusongela ubomi, kuba kubangelwa ukuphuma kwegazi kunye nokwehla kwamanzi kwizitho zangaphakathi.
Iimbangela ze-thrombocytopenia
Iimbangela ze-thrombocytopenia zihluke kakhulu. Ukungabikho kweeplatelets kunokuvela ngenxa yeengxaki zokuzikhusela ngegazi, okungahambelani nobulungu beqela, okanye xa i-antigen yangaphandle ingena kumzimba, umzekelo, intsholongwane. Kodwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo emzimbeni womntu, i-thrombocytopenia yenzeke. Le yimeko apho isistim somzimba esingazi "sazi" iplatelet yaso enempilo, ekhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwee-antibodies ukuphelisa "umfokazi". Ukuba loo thrombocytopenia ihamba kunye nesinye isifo, ngoko kuthiwa yiyesibili. Izizathu zaso ziinkalo ezahlukeneyo:
- i-collagenoses (i-dermatomyositis, i-systemic lupus erythematosus okanye i- scleroderma );
- i-leukemia engapheliyo kunye ne-acute (Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, myeloma);
- ezinye izifo zengqondo kunye nesifo sengqondo esasigxina.
Ukuba i-thrombocytopenia ye-autoimmune iyibonakaliso njengesifo esisodwa, ngoko kuthiwa isifo sikaVerf, kunye ne-necessity or idiopathic thrombocytopenia. Izibangela zezi zifo azikwaziswanga kakuhle. Phakathi kweziganeko ezandulela ukuphuhliswa kwayo, kukho ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya, imisebenzi yokuhlinzwa, izitofu, ukulimala kunye nokuqaliswa kwe-gamma globulin. Kwi-45% yamatyala, i-thrombocytopenia ebalulekileyo ivela ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kwesizathu.
Iimbangela ze-thrombocytopenia enemveliso
I-thrombocytopenia evelisayo ivela emzimbeni, xa umongo wethambo ungeke ubeke iiplatelet kwisixa esimfuneko kwisiphaluka esivamile. Izizathu ze-thrombocytopenia kubantu abadala zi:
- i-aplastic anemia ;
- I-TAP-syndrome;
- myelodysplastic syndrome;
- myelosclerosis;
- izidumbu zamathambo athile emlonyeni wethambo;
- isenzo seekhemikhali (umzekelo, benzene).
Ukongezelela, i-thrombocytopenia enemveliso ibonakala ngenxa ye-leukemia ephawulekayo, xa kukho inguqu ejulile yokuguqula i-hematopoiesis, kunye nokusetyenziswa kotywala kunye nezifo ezahlukeneyo (i-viremia, isifo sofuba se-TB, i-bacterium). Masihlupheke ngenxa yokungabikho kwamaplatelets kunye nalabo abangenayo i-vitamin B12 kunye ne-folic acid. Uphuhliso olunokwenzeka lwe-thrombocytopenia kunye nolwaphulo lwe-radiation okanye ukuvezwa kwemisebe ye-ionizing.
Iimbangela ze-drug thrombocytopenia
Ngezidakamizwa ze-thrombocytopenia, i-antibodies iveliswa ngokuchasene ne-antigen-drug drugs echanekileyo kwiindawo zeeplatelet, okanye xa i-antigenic isakhiwo seeplatelet sitshintsha. Kwiimeko ezininzi, izizathu zolu hlobo lwe-thrombocytopenia ziziyobisi ezilandelayo:
1. Uhlobo:
- Meprobamate;
- Phenobarbital;
- Sedormid;
- i-allyl isopropylbarbituric acid.
2. iAlkaloids:
- Quinidine;
- Quinine.
- Antibiotics;
- Oxytetracycline;
- Streptomycin;
- Chloramphenicol;
- Ristocetin.
3. I-antibacterial sulfonamide:
- Sulfidiazine;
- Sulfamethazine.
4. Amanye amayeza:
- Dinitrophenol;
- iodidi ye potassium;
- Digitoxin;
- ICarbamazepine.
Izizathu ze-thrombocytopenia kwizigulane ze-HIV
I-Thrombocytopenia ibonakala kubantu abane-HIV. Kukho izizathu ezibini zokubangela le meko kwizigulane:
- Okokuqala, kukuba i-HIV ihlasela i-megakaryocytes, okubangelwa kukunqongophala kwamaplatelet.
- Okwesibini, iziyobisi ezikunceda ukulwa nokusuleleka zixhaphaze umongo obomvu womntu.