Izango zePanama Canal

• Idilesi: I- Panama Canal, iPanama
• Unyaka wesiseko: 1920

Ngamnye wethu uyazi malunga neCanama Canal edibanisa iPacific neAtlantic Ocean, ezivumela iinkampani zothutho ukuba zigcine ixesha elikhulu nemali. Kodwa nangona ishaneli esilula asikho nje umxokelelwane ogqitywe phakathi kweendawo zokugcina amanzi, kodwa isistimu yokukhiya ubugcisa obuyinkimbinkimbi. Masizame ukuqonda lo mbuzo.

Ulwakhiwo lweCanama Canal

I-Panama Canal yintlangano yeekhiye, isitrato esilungiselelwe ngumntu esenziwe kwinqanaba elincinci le-Isthmus yasePanama e-Central America. Ukususela ekuvuleni kwayo ngo-1920, i-Panama Canal isahlala enye yezona ndawo zinzima kakhulu kwizakhiwo zobunjineli kwihlabathi.

Kule ndawo isakhiwo se-S sinokudlula isitya saliphi na uhlobo kunye nobukhulu: ukusuka kwinqwelo-moya enokuthobeka ukuya kwi-tanker enkulu. Okwangoku, ububanzi bomda weesitishi bube ngumgangatho wesakhiwo seenqanawa. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yokhuseleko lwePanama Canal, iinqanawa ezingama-48 zidlule kulo suku, kwaye izigidi zabantu ehlabathini ziyakuthandayo lo thuzelo.

Ngoko kutheni sifuna iitshixo kwiPanama Canal? Umbuzo ummandla wendawo, kwaye impendulo kuwo iyabonakala: kuba umsele unamachibi amaninzi, imilambo enzulu kunye nemigodi eyenziwe ngabantu, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo lidibana nezilwandle ezimbini ezinkulu, kubalulekile ukuba uhlale ulinganisa ulwahlulo lwamanzi kuyo yonke indlela kwaye ulawule imilalo. Kwaye umahluko wamanzi phakathi komlambo kunye ne-Ocean Ocean iphezulu-25.9 m. Ngokuxhomekeka kubukhulu kunye nomkhonto wesikhephe, inqanaba lamanzi kwi-airlock linyuka okanye liyancipha, ngaloo ndlela lidala imimiselo efunekayo kwinqanaba elingenakunqandwa kwisiza.

Izixhobo zePanama Canal zikhiye

Amacandelo amabini esango asebenza kwi-canal. Isango ngalinye lisango lendlela emibini, Unako ukuthumela iinqwelo ezithuthi ngexesha elifanayo. Nangona uqeqesho lubonisa ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo ukuhamba kweenqanawa kwelinye icala. Ikamelo ngalinye le-airlock lihlala kwindawo eyi-101,000 cubic meters. m. wamanzi. Ubukhulu bamagumbi abubanzi: ububanzi be-33.53 m, ubude obungama-304.8, ubuncinane obunzulu-12.55 m. Iinqanawa ezinkulu ngokukhupha izitshixo ezikhethiweyo zombane ("i-mules"). Ngoko, iindlela eziphambili zeCanama Canal zi:

1. Ngokubhekiselele kwi-Atlantic Ocean, i -sluice yamagumbi amathathu "Gatun" (Gatun) ifakwe, idibanisa i- echibi legama elifanayo neLay Bay. Apha iinqwelo ziphakamisa iinqanawa ezingama-26 kumgangatho welibi. Kwisango kukho ikhamera, umfanekiso onokuwubukela ngexesha langempela kwi-intanethi.
2. Ukusuka ecaleni laseLwandle lwasePacific liqhuba isango lamagumbi amabini "iM Miraflores" (iM Miraflores). Idibanisa umzila wecala eliphambili ePanama Bay. Isango lakhe lokuqala linayo ikhamera yevidiyo.
3. Isango elilodwa lamagumbi "Pedro Miguel" (Pedro Miguel) imisebenzi ngokubambisana ne-Miraflores lock lock system.
4. Ukususela ngo-2007, umsebenzi uqhubeka ukwandisa iseshoni kwaye ufake iisango ezongezelelweyo ukwenzela ukwandisa amandla ePanama Canal (intambo yesithathu). Iiparamitha ezintsha zentambo yesithathu: ubude bee-427 m, ububanzi bu-55 m, ubunzulu be-18.3 emitha. Kwakhona, umsebenzi uqhubeka ukwandisa kwaye ukhulise i-fairway esemgangathweni ukwenzela ukuba uqhubeke nokuhamba kweenqanawa. Kucingelwa ukuba ukususela ngo-2017 iseshoni iya kukwazi ukuqhuba umthwalo ophindwe kabini.

Ukujonga njani i-Panama Canal ivula?

Kuyo yonke into yokudonsa kukho umgwaqo kunye nomsele wendlela. Unokuzimela ngokuzimeleyo kwaye ukhululeke ngokulandela nayiphi na isitya uze uqhelane nenkqubo yesitishi ukusuka kude. Unokuthenga kwakhona ityelelo ngeenjongo ezifanayo.

Isango likaM Miraflores libhekwa njengolufikelelekayo kubakhenkethi. Unokufika khona nge eteksi okanye uthenge ithikithi yebhasi ngamashumi ama-25, kwaye njengenxalenye yeqela uhamba ngokusondele kwintsimbi yokunxibelelana nomsebenzi wakhe. Uhambo luquka ukutyelela kumyuziyam (i-$ 10) kunye nokufikelela kwindawo yokubona, apho ngexesha langempela i-loudspeaker ikwaziswa malunga nokusebenza kwesango.

Ewe, ukubonakaliswa okugqithiseleyo okukufumanayo, kudlula kwiCanama Canal kwiinqanawa zokuhamba.