Ikhamera yezobugcisa - iimodeli ezithandwa kakhulu zokudubula ngokugqithiseleyo

Uchwepheshe owenene uyazi kakuhle into ayifunayo kwikhamera. Ubugcisa bokufotshwa kweefoto bunamacandelo amaninzi - umfanekiso, ukuma komhlaba, ingxelo, umfanekiso wezithombe, kwaye nganye yazo idinga iiparameter zaso. Kodwa kusekho iingcamango eziqhelekileyo ezichaza ikhamera yobuchwepheshe.

Yiyiphi ikhamera ekukhethiweyo yokukhetha izithombe?

Kukho ezininzi iintlobo zezixhobo zokufota, kuquka nezobugcisa. Ezinye iintlobo zazikho kwiminyaka engama-50 edlulileyo kwaye zaziwa ngumgangatho ophezulu wemifanekiso, ezinye zavela kuthengiswa ngoku kutshanje. Yiyiphi ikhamera yokudutshulwa kobugcisa ekukhethiweyo kuxhomekeke ngakumbi kwizinto ezikhethwa ngumfaki-zithombe.

Ikhamera ye-Mirror yokufota

Ngethuba lethu luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lweekhamera zobuchwepheshe. Umgangatho weso sixhobo uhlolwe ngethuba, kwaye iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo ziya kukuvumela ukuba ukhethe izixhobo zezithombe zaso nasiphi na isicelo. Iikhamera ze-SLR zezobugcisa zenza igama labo sibonge ngesibuko. Ukukhanya kudlula kwilenki ekhutshweyo yekhamera, ngoko kubalulekile ukuba i-lens nayo iphantsi komgangatho ophezulu, ungaphantsi kwexhobo.

Ngosizo lwesilazi, sibona lo mfanekiso kwikhamera yevidiyo. Xa ukudubula, isibuko siphuma, kunye nezigidi zamatriki ze-matrix zingabamba ukukhanya kwaye zithumele ulwazi kwiprojekti yekhamera, eyilondoloza njengefayile, ngaloo ndlela idala umfanekiso wesigodi. Ifayile egqityiweyo ibhalwa kwimemori khadi.

Ikhamera ye-SLR enekhono iyakwazi ukurekhoda iifayile ze-RAW, ezivumela umfaki-zithombe ukuba alungise ngokulula umlinganiselo wokukhanya (ukuvezwa), ithoni yombala (ukwenza amathoni afudumele okanye afudumele), ibhalansi emhlophe, ukuhlukisana okumhlophe, ukuhlukisana kwamathunzi kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo ngoncedo lwabahleli bezithombe.

Ikhamera engenzi-mirror

Le nqubo ibonakale kwiimarike kungekudala, kodwa, ngokwemininzi, le yile ikhamera efanelekileyo yokufotoza. Into ephambili ngayo indlela ikhamera engenzi-mirror engafaniyo ehlukileyo kwisibuko esichazwe ngasentla - kukungabikho kwesibuko ekwakheni. Umtshini wevidiyo udijithali kwaye unesisombululo esiphezulu. Umgangatho womfanekiso wekhamera yekrafrey ayikho ngaphantsi kwesibuko, kodwa ngenxa yobumbano kunye nobunzima obuncinane, ngenxa yokungabikho kwesibuko kunye nomtshini wevidiyo ebonakalayo, le nkqubo inokufumanisa ngokukhawuleza abalandeli bayo.

Iikhamera zephrofayili zobungcali

Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo kwakunokwenzeka ukuthetha ngokuzithemba ukuba ikhamera engcono yokufota iifayile yikhamera ye-SLR yekhamera. Sekunjalo, inkqubela ayiyi kuqhubeka, kunye nokufika kwezixhobo zedijithali ezintsha, ezi mifanekiso ziye zavela kwimvelaphi. Kodwa kukho amaqhawe amakhulu ama-retro-cameras, asetyenziswa kuphela iikhamera zefilimu, umfanekiso olwahlukileyo ngumklamo okhethekileyo webala kunye nokuthobeka kweetoni.

Umgaqo wekhamera ye-SLR yefilimu iyafana ngokucacileyo njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla, kunye nenani elibalulekileyo elidlulayo-elidlula kwi-lens ye-lens, umfanekiso awucacisiwe kwi-matrix, kodwa kwifilimu ebonakalayo. Umsebenzi oqhubekayo we-photographer uhamba ngokuthe ngqo kunye nefilimu - kuqala kufuneka ukuba iboniswe kwiimeko ezizodwa, uze uthumele iifoto okanye iifayile okanye ngqo kwiphepha lesithombe.

Ikhamera yezobugcisa kubaqalayo

Ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokuqala ukufunda iifoto, ngaphandle kwezakhono zaseprayimari, ngoko-ke, ngokwezithuba ezininzi zeefoto, akufanele ukuthenga ngokukhawuleza iikhamera zengcali ezigqwesileyo - zibiza, kwaye awuyi kukwazi ukuziqonda ngokukhawuleza. Inketho enhle kubafoto bezithombe zincinci ukuthenga ikhamera ye-amateur. Kuya kukunceda ufunde izinto ezisisiseko zeefoto eziyimpumelelo, ukwakha iimfuno zakho, uze uthenge ikhamera yezobugcisa - kwimeko enjalo, unelungelo elikhulu uzoneliswa yilo cwangciso.

Iikhamera zengcali ze-videographer

Ukuba ngaphambili ii-videographers zaphoqeleka ukuba zisebenzise kuphela iikhamera zevidiyo, ngoku oku kwenzekayo kwiidireji ezininzi zobugcisa kunye neekhamera ezingenakubukwa. Ngaba wayesazi ukuba ezininzi iifilimu kunye nee-serials zadutshulwa ngeekhamera - umzekelo, ezinye izicatshulwa zithandekayo "iNdlu yeHaus" yadutshulwa kwiCanon EOS 5D Mark II, ezininzi iziganeko ze "Avatar" ezidumiweyo zatsholwa kwikhamera efanayo.

Yintoni eyenza i-videographers, kubandakanywa nezobugcisa, bayeke ukhetho lwabo kwiikhamera? Okokuqala, le yintengo. Ikhamera yezobugcisa ayinancinci, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha angabizi ngaphezu kweekhamera ze-movie. Okwesibini, ngoncedo lwezakhono zobugcisa kulula ukudala iziphumo zevidiyo ezinomdla ezingafinyeleleki kwiikhamera zevidiyo - ubunzulu bentsimi, utshintsho olugqithiseleyo, imvelaphi ephazamisekileyo kunye nomdwebo othakazelisayo (bokeh).

Ukuqwalasela iikhamera zengcali zanamhlanje, kulula kakhulu ukuchonga ukuba ngubani ongcono kwi-videographer. Okokuqala, ikhwalithi yevidiyo kufuneka ibe ne-HD isisombululo, kwaye ingcono nakwi-FullHD okanye i-4K. Ikhamera yekreditri ehamba phambili esetyenziswe ngabadlali be-videographer yi-EOS 5D Mark II kunye ne-EOS 5D Mark III entsha, kodwa ezinye iikhamera zingasetyenziswa ngempumelelo.

Iimpawu zekhamera yezobugcisa

Yintoni eyahlula ikhamera yobugcisa ukusuka kwikhamera yeklasi engumqeqeshi kunye neklasi? Kutheni le nkqubo ifana nemali eninzi, kunye nendlela yokukhetha ikhamera yezobugcisa, ingqalelo iimpawu ezibalulekileyo? Makhe sihlale kwinqanaba elibalulekileyo ngokubanzi.

Mangaphi ama-megapixel kwikhamera yezobugcisa?

Ukwenza ukhetho lwekhamera yezobugcisa, abaqalayo abaninzi bezobugcisa bezithombe banomdla kwinani lamapixixel. Kodwa bambalwa kakhulu abantu bayazi ukuba le parameter ibalulekile kwizixhobo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo, kuba iikhamera eziphezulu zihlala zibaluleke kakhulu. Uninzi lweekhamera zengcali zinesisombululo se-megapixels ezili-12 kunye naphezulu, njenge-amateur midrange SLRs. Khumbula ukuba oku kuphela ubukhulu bomfanekiso, ukulinganisa oku akuhambelani ngqo.

I-Matrix yeComputer Professional

Umlinganiselo oyintloko ohlula ikhamera yobuchwephesha yi-matrix. I-parameter yokuqala kunye neyona nto ibalulekileyo ubukhulu be-matrix. Zonke iikhamera zengcali zizalisekile, oko kukuthi, i-matrix inomlinganiselo we-36x24 cm, ehambelana nobukhulu befayili yesakhiwo. I-matrix epheleleyo ifumana ukukhanya okukhulu, okuqinisekisa ukuba imifanekiso ephezulu kakhulu iphezulu nakwiimeko eziphantsi zokukhanya, kunye nengxolo ephantsi kwimifanekiso. Zombili izibuko kunye neekhamera zecompact zengcali ngaphandle kwenkqubo yesibilini kufuneka zibe ne-matrix epheleleyo.

Olunye uphawu olubalulekileyo lwe-matrix yekhamera yi-photosensitivity yayo, ebizwa ngokuba yinombolo ye-ISO. Ubuninzi bobuchule be-matrix yekhamera yecandelo kufuneka kube ubuncinane ngama-6400 - oku kuya kuvumela ukudubula phantsi kweemeko eziphantsi zokukhanya ngokuchaneka okuncane. Kodwa khumbula ukuba inombolo ephezulu ye-ISO kwisethingi, ubuninzi (isandi) esithombeni, ngoko ke ukuba kunokwenzeka, uvelwano lufanele lubekwe ubuncinci.

Ukulinganiswa kweekhamera zobugcisa

Ukuba iikhamera eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwekhaya zivelisa iinkampani ezininzi, kuphela iimveliso ezizodwa zijolise kwi-teknoloji ephezulu. Ukukhetha ikhamera yezobugcisa, kuyafaneleka ukufundisisa ukulinganisela kwabo ukuze bafumane ubuchule obuphezulu bezithombe eziphezulu. Namhlanje imarike ineempawu ezilandelayo zeekhamera zobuchwepheshe:

• Canon EOS;
• Nikon;
• Pentax;
• Sony Alpha.

Ngomgangatho womsebenzi kunye nokuhlanganiswa okukhulu kweemodeli zanamhlanje, iinkokeli ezingabonakaliyo kwiingqinisiso zimbini ezinkulu kwiimakethe zentengiso - Canon naseNicon. Ezi femu zivelisa iikhamera zengcali njengeklasi eliphakathi, elitholakalayo kubantu abanomvuzo omncinci, kwaye abangenakulinganiswa kwiimpawu zemizekelo, iindleko ezilinganiswa kumawaka ezinyunithi eziqhelekileyo.

Canon yeKhamera yeNgcali

Ukuba kumbuzo wekhamera oyifunayo ukuze ufunde iifoto, uzimisele kwiCanon, kufuneka ufunde ngokubanzi iinkqubo ezidumileyo kunye nezisebenzayo.

1. I-CANON EOS 1DX . Ukwaziwa njengekhamera yezobugcisa emhlabeni wonke. Ukulungelelaniswa kokubini ingxelo kunye neefayili ezizodwa. Iqukethe isivinini esikhulu sokuvala kunye nokugxilwa kwamandla.
2. I-CANON I-EOS 5D IMARKI III - ikhamera ethandwa kakhulu, enezinto zonke eziyimfuneko kwiintlobo ezininzi zeefoto zobungcali.
3. I-CANON EOS 6D - lo mzekelo unzima kakhulu kwaye uyaziwa njengekhamera yezobuchwephesha kakhulu. Kwiimpawu eziphantse zihluke kwi-5D engenhla, zingaphantsi kwayo kuphela kwisisombululo se-matrix kunye nejubane le-shutter. Kodwa iiparitha zayo ziya kukwanela kwiifoto eziphezulu.
4. I-Canon EOS 5D Mark IV iyona yangoku kwintlobo ye-5D kunye nenani elongeziweyo lama-megapixel ukuya kwi-37.1, exhotyiswe nge-Wi-Fi, i-GPS, ukurekhoda kwevidiyo ye-4 kunye neskrini sokuthinta.
5. I-Canon EOS 5DSR - ikhamera yezobuchwephesha kakhulu kwiifilikhi zokufota. Isisombululo se-matrix ngu-50 Mp. Kodwa umzekelo unyanzelisa kakhulu i-optics, kubalulekile ukudubula ngeL-series lenses.
6. I-Canon EOS M5 - ikhamera engabonakaliyo ngekhamera. Ibonisa ubuchule obuhle kwi-ISO ephakamileyo, ine-finder efanelekileyo yevidiyo kunye ne-autofocus ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa ekuphishekeleni umgangatho, le khamera yalahlekelwa yintsebenzo enkulu yeekhamera ezingenasipiliki - ubunzima obuncinane. Ngaphandle kwebhetri, i-427 gram iyilinganisela.

Ikhamera ye Nikon

Kukho ukuphikisana okuninzi malunga nekhamera yezobugcisa ilungile, i-Nikon okanye i-Canon, kwaye zonke iingxoxo kule ngxaki ayinanto. Ezi fenisi ezimbini zilingana ngokufanayo, kwimizekelo edla ngokuza neziganeko ezifanayo, kwaye amaxabiso abo afana nawo. Ngoko ke, ukwenza ukhetho phakathi kwabo, gxininise kuphela ekusebenzeni kwayo kunye nokunambitha.

Masiqulunqe umboniso omfutshane weekhamera ze Nikon ngokuzihlola iimodeli zazo ezilungileyo.

1. I-NIKON D4S - le khamera ithathwa njengelona lihle kakhulu kwihlabathi. Yenzelwe ukutshatyalaliswa kweengxelo, inqanaba lokuphakama eliphezulu (11 ozimele ngomzuzwana) kunye nezikhundla zokugxila phambili.
2. I-NIKON DF - ngokubonga ubunzima bayo (i-700 gram) ithathwa njengekhamera yekribhu ehamba phambili kubahambi, ngokuqinisekileyo iyabaxabisa abalandeli bokuyila i-retro. Kwabaninzi kunokuba kubonakale kungonakali xa kuthelekiswa nokuyilwa kwe-ergonomic yamanje, kodwa oku kuwukuphela kwendlela yokwenza umzekelo.
3. I-Nikon D3 - umprosesa wamanje, uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto ezijoliswe kuyo, ngokuzenzekelayo ukucacisa ukutyhila kunye nokulingana okumhlophe.
4. I-Nikon D800 - i-matrix kunye nesisombululo se-36.3 megapixel izakuvelisa imifanekiso ephakamileyo ephezulu kunye neenkcukacha ezingenakuze zenziwe. I-autofocus yesiphaluka, ingxolo ephantsi-leyo yenkcazo emfutshane yale khamera.
5. I-Nikon D610 - into ebonakalayo yolu hlobo lukhululekileyo lokukhutshwa kwe-shutter, ukwenzela ukuba ikhamera isetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwaye iphumelele ukudubula izilwanyana zasendle.

Le nto ayikho nhlobo zonke izixhobo zezithombe ezidumiweyo ze-brand Nikon, kuphela imodeli ethandwa kakhulu emele kumlinganiselo. Enyanisweni, imodeli yohlobo lwale nkampani likhulu kakhulu kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo liya kukuvumela ukuba ukhethe ukhetho olufanelekileyo olwanelisayo isicelo sakho njengomfoto wezithombe uze ulungele uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali.

Indlela yokusebenzisa ikhamera yobugcisa?

Ukuba ubukade usebenzisa iifowuni zezithombe ze-amateur okanye e-semi-professional class, unokwazi ukulawula ikhamera ngokufotela. Kubaqalayo babasebenzisi bekhamera, siza kubhala iingcebiso eziza kunceda ufunde ukuthatha imifanekiso uze wenze isakhelo esihle sokuqala.

1. Iimodyuli zokutshintsha. Esikristini ngasinye kunye nekhamera engenakubuklazo kukho iindlela ezizenzekelayo kunye nezobukhombisi, kwezinye iikhamera zengcali akukho zithuthi zendlela. Kukho nawuphi na, ukufumana imifanekiso emihle, kungcono ukusebenzisa izikhokelo. Izicwangciso zemodi nganye zivumela ukuba ubeke imbonakalo efunwayo, isivinini sokuvala kunye nokuvula (isixa sokukhanya esichaza ubunzulu bomhlaba womfanekiso). Iincwadi ezizodwa kwiimodesi zikho kwimigaqo yekhamera.
2. Imenyu. Apha unako ukulungelelanisa izicwangciso zefayili, umphumo, ibhalansi emhlophe, imodemu yokubonisa kwisikrini.
3. Iibhathini ezingaphezulu kwesikrini sesibini ziya kukuvumela ukuba ukhethe iindlela zokukhutshwa kwe-shutter-shot shot, serial, okanye ukulibazisa ukukhutshwa kwe-shutter. Kukho okuyimfuneko ukuba ukhethe inombolo ye-ISO - uvelwano lwe-matrix. Khumbula ukuba ixabiso kufuneka libe lincinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwimida yesakhelo esinikeziwe, i-ISO ephezulu ifumaneka nengxolo kwisithombe.