Uhlalutyo lwezonyango kunye nophando ludlala indima enkulu ekuxilongweni kwezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Izifo ezininzi aziphi na izibonakaliso, kwaye isifundo sebhubhoratri kuphela seelayibrari phantsi kwe-microscope sinokubonisa intsholongwane okanye ukuguquka kweentsholongwane kwizifo. Yingakho bonke abafazi abaneminyaka engama-19 ukuya kuma-65 ubudala, kubalulekile ukubonisa i-gynecologist ukuhlalutya.
Kuthatyathwa njani umlomo wesibeletho?
Enye yezona zinto zilula, kodwa oku kuhlalutyo lwezinto ezincinci kubangelwa yi-swab evela kwinqanawa yomlomo wesibeleko. Kulawulwa kuwo onke amabhinqa aneminyaka yobudala yokuzala oye wafika kwindlela yokukhusela isifo somzimba, ngexesha loviwo oluqhelekileyo kwisihlalo. I-smear yindlela yokutshitshiswa kwinqanawa yomlomo wesibeleko, esithunyelwa nge-cytology kwi-laboratory. Olu hlobo lokugqibela lwenziwa, njengomthetho, ngenye yeendlela ezimbini: hlola izinto eziphilayo kwi-microscope okanye wenze i-bacteriological culture. I-Cytology ye-smear evela kwintsholongwane inokunika ithuba lokugweba imeko ye-microflora, kwaye isinceda ekufumaneni iinkqubo ezivuthayo kunye neenguqu ze-oncological kwi-cervix.
I-cytological smear ephuma kumngcingo wesibeleko - ayibuhlungu kakhulu kwaye ayisoyikiyo. Ugqirha nje wanciphisa ngokukhawuleza i-spatula ekhethekileyo, aze ayithumele kwisilayidi esicocekileyo. Le nkqubo ithatha imizuzwana embalwa. Uhlalutyo luyisiseko sokuthintela izifo ezininzi zamabhinqa, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuyilungiselela: ubuncinane olunye usuku ngaphambi kokuya kugqirha, izenzo zesondo, ukubethelwa, ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana zangasese, iipilisi, njl njl., Akunakunyanzeliswa, ngaphandle koko uhlalutyo luya kuba lungaqhelwanga. Ukongezelela, akunakwenzeka ukuphumeza uvavanyo lwe-smear kwi-canal yomlomo ngexesha lokuya esikhathini.
Ukuqulunqwa kwe-smear evela kwinqanawa yomlomo wesibeleko
Kwitheyibhile elingezantsi ubona izibonisi apho ugqirha echaza khona olu hlalutyo. Oku kubakho okanye ukungabikho kwi-smear ye-leukocytes, i-gonococci, i-trichomonads, i-fungus fungi kunye neminye imigangatho ye-smear esuka kumngcingo wesibeleko. Iilwimi zesiLatini V, C no-U zithetha ngokulandelanayo ngesondo, umlomo wesibeleko kunye ne-urethra (ezo zicuksi apho ezinye izilwanyana ezincinci zifunyenwe okanye azifumaneki).
Ekuphambukeni kwimiqathango, ezi zinto zilandelayo zithi:
- inani elikhulu lamaseli ezimhlophe, i-mucus okanye i-epithelium (ukuvuvukala);
- ukungabikho kwe-epithelium (ukungabikho kwe-hormone ye-estrogen);
- Ubukho beentonga zegram-negative ( dysbacteriosis zesini );
- i-gonococci (i- gonorrhea kwabasetyhini );
- Trichomonas (trichomoniasis);
- chlamydia (chlamydia);
- imvubelo yefungi (candidiasis);
- iiseli eziphambili (candidiasis yesisu).
Kukho ukuhluka okuchazwa kwiPap smear - ngoncedo lwayo, i-pathologies yomlomo wesibeleko, kubandakanywa iimeko zengqungquthela, zityhilwa. Kukho amaqanaba amahlanu:
- Akukho zinguqulelo zentsholongwane ezifunyenweyo.
- Inkqubo yokuvuvukala ifunyenwe (ifunyaniswa ngokugqithisa isistim egazini legazi elimhlophe), efuna unyango kwaye iphinde ihlaziywe kwakhona.
- Utshintsho oluncinci kwiiseli zezicubu ezifuna ukuhlalutya ngokubanzi (biopsy) zichongiwe.
- Utshintsho olubi lufunyenwe kwiiseli ezithile. Le nyaniso ayilona ithuba lokuthetha ngokuzithemba malunga nokuxilongwa "komhlaza", kuba le mvavanyo eyongezelelweyo iyadingeka.
- Isifo se-oncological sigqityiwe inani elikhulu leeseli ezinokuguqulwa kwamathambo.
Kwiminyaka engaphezulu kwe-20% yamatyala, iziphumo zolu cwaningo lwe-cytological zinyani. Oku kwenzeka xa kungapheleli kweendlela ezingasebenzi. Ngoko ke, ukuba ungathandabuzeki ukunyaniseka kwesiphumo se-smear esivela kwinqanawa yomlomo wesibeleko, unokuyifumana okanye ucele ugqirha ukuba ube ne-colposcopy-uvavanyo olunzulu lwe-cervix, enika ulwazi olongezelelweyo malunga neentsholongwane ezingabonakaliyo ngexesha loviwo oluqhelekileyo.