I-Mycobacterium isifo sofuba kumachiza saziwa nangokuthi intonga kaKoch. Ezi zi-microorganisms ze-pathogenic. Ibhaktiriya inkulu ngobukhulu kwaye inobumba obude, inobumba lwangaphandle. Ekuguquleleni ukusuka kwisiGrike, elithi "myco" lithetha "i-mushroom", ebonisa ukufana kwentonga kaKoch kwi-mycelium. Ezi zixhobo ezincinci zixhomekeke kakhulu.
Iintlobo ze-Mycobacterium isifo sofuba
Zonke ii-microorganisms zeli qela zinokuhlukaniswa ukuba zibe yingozi kubantu kwaye zi-pathogenic. Ukongezelela, ibhaktiriya, eyinto ekhuselayo yesifo sofuba, ingahlulwa ngokweminye imigaqo. Ukwahlukana kwenziwa ngokwemiqathango elandelayo:
- izinga lokukhula;
- ubushushu obuphezulu bokuphuhliswa;
- ubuchule be-bacillus ukuya kwi-pigment.
Zonke i-mycobacteria isifo sofuba simanyene kwelinye iqela elikhulu, elibizwa ngokuthi uM. TB. Abameli balo:
- M. africanum;
- M. microti;
- M. canettii;
- M. Bovis BCG;
- M. sargaye;
- UMnuz pinnipedii njalo njalo.
Iibhaktheriya eziseleyo zibhekwa njengeqela elingenabhubhane. Oku kubandakanya ezinjalo izilwanyana:
- M. intracellulare;
- M. terrae;
- M. scrofulaceum;
- M. chelonae;
- M. fortuitum;
- M. leprae njalo njalo.
I-Mycobacteria ikhupha ukuphuhliswa kwesifo sofuba. Kuyingozi. Amaqela alandelayo e-mycobacteria yesifo sofuba avela:
- I-Photochromogenic - abameli beli ntlobo ebumnyameni abanemibala, kodwa xa befika ekukhanyeni bafumana umbala okhanyayo we-orange. Ukushisa okulungileyo okuphuhliso lwe-bacillus ngu-32 ° С.
- I-Skotochromogenic - ezi ncinane zibunjwa ebumnyameni, ngenxa yokuba igama labo igama elivela kwisiGrike liguqulela "ubumnyama". Izinga lokukhula lihluka kwiintsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwii-60. Xa i-bacillus enjalo ingena kumntu omdala okanye ophelile, i-lymphatic system ichaphazelekayo.
- I-Neofrochromogic - abameli beli qela baqhathaniswa nombala, kodwa xa befika ekukhanyeni bafumana umbala ophuzi obomvu. Ubude bentuthuko iiveki ezi-2-4.
- Ukukhula ngokukhawuleza - abameli beli qela banokungabalabala kunye nebala. Uphuhliso lwabo luqhubeka ngokukhawuleza. Ukususela kumzuzwana wesakhiwo ukuya kwisigaba se-microorganism ekugqibeleni ihamba ukusuka kwiintsuku ezi-7 ukuya kwi-10.
Uhlalutyo lwe-Mycobacterium isifo sofuba
Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuxilonga zingasetyenziselwa ukufumanisa esi sifo. Inkqubo yee-hardware zeenkqubo kunye nokusebenzisa iimvavanyo zebhoratri. Eyokuqala ziquka ezo ndlela zokuxilongwa:
- I-Fluorography - ikuvumela ukuba ufumane iziphumo ngemizuzu;
- I-X-ray - imifanekiso eyenziwa ngokucacileyo kunye nokucwangciswa kwamacala;
- I-tomography ekhompyutheni yindlela ebaluleke kakhulu (inika umphumo ochanekileyo).
Iindlela zokuxilonga zeLebhu ziquka:
- Uhlalutyo lwe-sputum kwi-mycobacterium isifo sofuba;
- indlela yokwenza i-polymerase;
- Ukuhlalutya ngokubanzi kwegazi kunye nomchamo;
- smear microscopy;
- isayiti e-immunosorbent ehlanganiswe ne-enzyme evumela ukuba kutholakale i-antibodies kwi-mycobacteria yesifo sofuba;
- biopsy tissue.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwi-mycobacterium isifo sofuba
Olu vavanyo lubandakanya ukuchongwa kwe-immune ne-enzymatic reaction. Ngexesha lokuqala, ama-antigens athathwe - iimlekyuli ezithwala ulwazi malunga nesisele esithile. Ukuba i-immune system ayiboni imfihlo "ikhowudi", ibonisa "i-alamu". I-antibody ibophelela kwi-antigen "yangaphandle" kwaye ichithe uxhumano lwayo kunye neseli. Impendulo ye-enzymatic ivela xa enye into iguqulwa ibe yinye.
Ndiyabulela ezinjalo iinkqubo eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinokuthi zenzeke kwiiseli zomzimba, iintsholongwane kwi-mycobacteria yesifo sofuba zichongiwe. Olu hlalutyo lwenziwe kwisisu esingenalutho. Ukongeza, iintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuphunyezwa kwayo, isiguli kufuneka sishiye ukutya okuthosiweyo kunye nokutya okunamafutha. I-fluological fluid iqokelelwa yinkqubo yokucoca.
Ngomntu onempilo, izifo eziza kumaqela G ne-M aziyi kuba khona egazini. Ukufunyanwa kwezi zinto kubonisa ubukho bentsholongwane kwimiphunga. Nangona kunjalo, ukufumanisa okukodwa kwezi-antibodies akunikezeli ithuba lokunikezela ukuxilongwa ngokucacileyo. Ukuqinisekisa isigulane, i-smear microscopy kunye ne-fluorography okanye i-X-rays inokumiselwa.
Ukuhlola i-Sputum ye-mycobacterium isifo sofuba
Ukwenza olu hlalutyo, isitya esinyumba sisetyenzisiweyo. Ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kokuba iqoqo le-sputum lenziwe kwi-mycobacterium isifo sesifo sofuba, isiguli sifanele sigubungele amazinyo. Ukuba akukwenziwanga, iziphumo ziya kuphazamiseka yi-microorganisms eziyingozi emzimbeni womlomo. I-sputum kwi-mycobacterium isifo sofuba singcono ekuseni - emva kokulala ebusuku. Ukhahlela kwisitya esinyumba, esimele sivalwe ngokukhawuleza.
Gcina imfihlakalo kwindawo emnyama nepholile. Ixesha elifanelekileyo ukususela kwixesha lokuqokelela isikhohlela kwisifundo i-2 iiyure. Yenziwa ngeendlela ezilandelayo:
- i-bacterioscopic;
- britteriological.
Indlela yokuqala ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-microscope. Kwindlela yesibini, isifundo senziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- I-sputum ihlanjululwa kunye ne "reagent" ekhethekileyo.
- I-tube ithunyelwa kwiyunithi, edala izimo ezizodwa zokukhula kweebhaktheriya.
- I-carbon dioxide esanda kuqulunqwa idibene nedayi.
- Umgangatho we-fluorescence ugwetywa ngohlobo lwee-microorganisms kwisampuli yovavanyo.
Iipropati ze-Mycobacterium isifo sofuba
Iimpawu zalezi zinambuzane ezinobungozi zinqunywe ngokwakhiwa kwemichiza. Intonga kaKoch i-80% yamanzi kunye no-3% umlotha. Isisele esomileyo sinokufikelela kwi-40% yeeprotheni kunye nomlinganiselo ofanayo we-polysaccharides. I-apipical mycobacterium isifo sofuba (kunye namanye ama-microorganisms kweli qela) inetyhefu. Iyingqungquthela kwizinto eziphilayo kunye nentambo yokubulawa kukaKoch.
I-Mycobacterium isifo sofuba - ukuzinza kwimeko yangaphandle
Isitfufti sikaKoch siyaziwa "ngokusinda" kwayo kwezinye i-bacilli. I-Mycobacterium isifo sofuba singanyangeki kwimeko elandelayo:
- asidi;
- utywala;
- alkaline.
Emanzini, intonga kaKoch igcina imiphumo eyingozi kwada kwiintsuku ezingama-150. Kwiimveliso zobisi, ezi zigidi zihlala kwiinyanga ezili-10. Ukwazi ukuba i-mycobacterium yesifo sofuba ifile, ungayithintela ukuveliswa kwayo. Ukukhanya kwelanga kusinikalanga i-wand yaKoch ngeeyure ezingama-4-5. Ukongeza, ii-microorganisms ziyafa ngenxa yesigama seyure kwiqondo lokushisa lika-85 ° C okanye ngaphezulu.
Ukuchaswa kweziyobisi ze-mycobacterium isifo sofuba
Ukuchonga izidakamizwa ezichasene nonyango, isilathisi se-antibiogram sisetyenziswa. Kukho izizathu ezinjalo zokumelana nentonga kaKoch kwiziyobisi:
- I-biological - isilinganisi esaneleyo seziyobisi.
- Ngenxa yesiphene sesigulane - amayeza athatyathwa ngokungenasiphelo, i-dosage iyatshintshwa yedwa, njalo njalo.
- Iziphumo zesifo - isifo sofuba esibangela isifo sitshintsha i-pH. Oku kukuphazamisa isenzo sonyango.
Amayeza angokuhlaselwa ngamayeza angoku, asebenza kwi-mycobacterium isifo sofuba
Xa ukhetha iindlela zokukhusela ucoceko, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ukuzinza okuphezulu kweentonga zeKoch. I-agent ekhuselekileyo yesifo sofuba isweleka phantsi kwefuthe lala ma-disinfectants:
- 5% i-chloramine;
- 0.5% i bleach;
- soda ash.
Izindlela zokusuleleka kwintsholongwane ye-mycobacteria
Ingozi kwabanye iigulane ezinobomi obuvulekileyo . Indlela eqhelekileyo yentsholongwane ye-mycobacterium isifo sofuba yile ndlela ilandelayo:
- ipini;
- ukuqhubela umoya;
- ngaphakathi kwamanzi;
- zokutya.