I-Alpha-fetoprotein - okuthiwa iprotheni, eveliswa kwindlela yokugaya kunye nesibindi somntwana ongakazalwa. Imisebenzi yalo ibandakanya ukuthutha izondlo kumama ukuya kumntwana. Ngendlela, yile protoyini ekhusela umbungu ekulaleni umzimba womzimba womzimba womama. Kulo lonke ixesha lokuphuhliswa kwengane, ukuxinwa kwe-AFP ngexesha lokukhulelwa kukhula kokubili kwigazi le-fetal nasegazini likaMama. Ngenyanga yokuqala yokukhulelwa, i-alpha-fetoprotein ikhiqizwa ngumzimba ophuzi wee-ovari, kwaye ukususela kwiiveki ezi-5 kunye nokuphela kwexesha lokugaya le protein kuveliswa ngumntwana ngokwakhe. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-AFP egazini lufumaneka kwixesha leeveki ezingama-32-34, kwaye ke luqala ukunciphisa ngokukhawuleza.
Uhlalutyo lwe-AFP ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ngokomthetho, lwenzeka ngeveki ye-12-14 yekota. Esi sibonakaliso siyimfuneko ekuqaliseni ukungalingani kokuphuhliswa kwengane kwinqanaba le-chromosomal, i-pathologies yokuphuhliswa kwenkqubo ye-nervous, kwakunye neziphene ekuvelweni nasekuphuhlisweni kwezitho zangaphakathi. Ngako oko, oogqirha baqwalasela ngenyameko ukuxinwa kwale protheni kwi-serum yowesifazane okhulelweyo.
I-AFP - isiqhelo ngexesha lokukhulelwa
Itafile engezantsi ibonisa i-AFP ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inkcazo ye-AFP ekukhulelweni, kunye nakwabesifazane abangakhulelweyo kunye namadoda amakhulu, unokuba nokunyamezela, ixabiso layo liphuma kwi-0.5 ukuya ku-2.5 MoM (ukuphindaphinda okuphakathi). Ukuphambuka kuxhomekeke kwithuba lokukhulelwa, kunye neemeko zeempendulo zegazi.
AFP ngexesha lokukhulelwa
Inqanaba elongeziweyo le-AFP ngexesha lokukhulelwa lunokuba ngumqondiso wesilumkiso, kule meko kuyimfuneko ukuxilonga izifo ezilandelayo zesifo:
- i-necrosis yesibindi, eyenzeka emva kwesifo esasifikelwa ngumama;
- ukungahambi kakuhle kweentso;
- hernia;
- unencephaly;
- spina bifida;
- ukungalungi kwindonga yangasese yangaphakathi;
- ezinye iingxaki .
Ukongeza, i-AFP ephakamileyo kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo banokuvela ngokukhulelwa okubanzi.
Inkcazo ephantsi ye-AFP ngexesha lokukhulelwa ingafumaneka kwiimeko ezilandelayo:
- trisomy 18;
- Down syndrome;
- isikhumba sesisu ;
- ukulibaziseka ekuphuhlisweni komntwana;
- i-hydrocephalus;
- ukukhulelwa okucingayo;
- ukukhulelwa kwangaphambili;
- ukufa komntwana.
Ngamanye amaxesha i-AFP eyancipha ngexesha lokukhulelwa ngumqondiso wexesha elingalunganga.
AFP kunye novavanyo lwesithathu
Uhlalutyo lwegazi le-AFP ngexesha lokukhulelwa linika izibonakaliso ezithembekileyo ngakumbi xa ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kunye nophando lwe-ultrasound, ukuzimisela kwezinga le-estriol yamahhala kunye ne-hormone ye-placental. Uhlalutyo lwazo zonke izikhombisi ezidwelisweyo, kunye ne-AFP kunye ne-hCG ngexesha lokukhulelwa kuthiwa "ukuhlolwa kathathu".
Igazi kwi-AFP ngexesha lokukhulelwa lidlalwa kwi-vein. Uhlalutyo kufuneka kuthathwe kusasa ngesisu esingenalutho. Ukuba ngomhla wokunikezelwa kwesi sihlalutyo usenokuluma okanye, umzekelo, yenza isidlo sakusihlwa, ngoko kufuneka kudlule ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-4 ukuya kwe-6 emva kwesidlo sokugqibela, ngaphandle koko isiphumo siya kuqinisekiswa.
Kwimeko yokuhlalutya kwe-AFP ekukhulelweni