Kule nqaku siye saqokelela iinyikima ezinamandla kunazo zonke kwimbali yoluntu, eyaye yaba yintlekele yomlinganiselo wehlabathi.
Iingcaphephe zonyaka zilungisa malunga neentlanzi ezingama-500 000. Bonke balamandla ahlukeneyo, kodwa kuphela ezimbalwa zazo zibonakala zibonakala zonakalisa kwaye zenze umonakalo, kwaye iiyunithi zinegunya elinamandla lokubhubhisa.
1. I-Chile, ngomhla we-22 Meyi 1960
Enye yehlabathi inyikima enkulu yenzeka ngo-1960 eChile. Ubukhulu bayo bezingama-9.5. Amaxhoba aloo mvelo ayengabantu abangama-1655, abangaphezu kwama-3 000 balimala ngokungafani, kwaye izigidi ezi-2 zasala zingenamakhaya! Iingcali ziqikelele ukuba umonakalo ovela kuyo wawuyi $ 550 000 000. Kodwa ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukuzamazama komhlaba kwabangela i-tsunami eyafikelela kwiiIlawi zaseIhawaii waza wabulala abantu abayi-61.
2. Tien-Shan, ngoJulayi 28, 1976
Ubungakanani bentshutshiso yenyikima eTien Shan bekuyi-8.2. Ingozi eyingozi kakhulu, ngokubhekiselele kwinguqu esemthethweni, yathi abantu abangaphezu kwama-250,000, kwaye imithombo engabonakaliyo iyabhengezwa kuma-700 000. Le nto inokuba yinyaniso, kuba ngexesha lokuzamazama komhlaba, izakhiwo zezigidi ezi-5.6 zatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo.
3. I-Alaska, ngoMatshi 28, 1964
Le nyikima yabangela ukufa kwabangu-131. Ewe, oku akunakwaneleyo xa kuthelekiswa namanye ama-cataclysms. Kodwa ubukhulu beentshukumo zolu suku lwaluyi-9.2 amanqaku, okubangela ukutshabalalisa phantse zonke izakhiwo, kwaye umonakalo obangele waba ngama-2,300,000,000 ayi-$.
4. I-Chile, 27 Februwari 2010
Enye enye inyikima eChile eyabangela umonakalo omkhulu kwisixeko: izigidi zezindlu ezonakalisiweyo, izindlu ezininzi ezikhukula, izibhedlele eziphukileyo kunye neendlela zokuhamba. Kodwa into ebalulekileyo kukuba abantu abangaba ngu-1 000 babulawe, abantu abayi-1,200 belahlekile, kwaye imizi eyi-1.5 yezigidi yabonakaliswa ngee-degree. Ubukhulu bayo babengu-8.8 amanqaku. Ngokwamanqaku aseburhulumenteni baseChile, umonakalo owenziwe ngumonakalo ungaphezu kwama-15,000,000,000.
5. Sumatra, 26 Disemba 2004
Ubungakanani bentshutshiso yenyikima yayingu-9.1. Izinyikima ezinkulu kunye ne tsunami ezalandela zabulala abantu abangaphezu kwe-227,000. Phantse zonke izindlu ezikuloo mzi zazingqinelana nelizwe. Ukongezelela kwinani elikhulu labahlali bendawo abachaphazelekayo, abavakhenkethi abangaphandle kwama-9,000 abahlala kwiiholide zabo kwimimandla echaphazelekayo yi-tsunami babulawa okanye balahleka.
6. Isiqithi saseHonshu, ngoMatshi 11, 2011
Inyikima eyayivela kwisiqithi saseHonshu, yaxubusha lonke ulwandle olusempuma lwaseJapan. Kwimizuzu engama-6 kuphela kwintlekele ye-9, indawo engaphezu kwama-100 emanxwemeni yaphakanyiswa ukuphakama kweemitha ezili-8 kwaye yahlasela eziqithi ezikumantla. Nangona isityalo samandla enyukliya saseFukushima sasilimala ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo eyabangela ukukhululwa kombane. Abasemagunyeni baxele ngokusemthethweni ukuba inani lamaxhoba li-15,000, abahlali bendawo bathi la manani aphantsi kakhulu.
7. I-Neftegorsk, ngoMeyi 28, 1995
Inyikima e-Neftegorsk yayibukhulu beengongoma ezi-7.6. Yatshatyalalisa ngokupheleleyo le dolophu ngemizuzwana eyi-17 kuphela! Kwintsimi eyawela kwintlekele, abantu abangama-55,400 bahlala. Kulo, i-2040 yafa kwaye i-3197 yashiywa ngaphandle kwephahla phezu kweentloko. I-Neftegorsk yayingabuyiselwa. Abantu abachaphazelekayo badluliselwa kwezinye iindawo zokuhlala.
8. Alma-Ata, uJanuwari 4, 1911
Le nyikima yaziwa ngokuba yiKemin, kuba i-epicenter yayo yawela entlameni yoMlambo Omkhulu waseKemin. Yona yomeleleyo kwimbali yaseKazakhstan. Isici esichaphazelekayo sale ntlekele kwakude ixesha elide lesigaba sokuchithwa kwezinto ezonakalisayo. Ngenxa yoko, isixeko saseAlmaty satshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye kummandla woMlambo omkhulu wokuxhumela owenziwe, ubude obude obuyi-200 km. Kwezinye iindawo ekuphumeni kwangcwatywa ngokupheleleyo ekhaya.
9. IPhondo laseKanto, ngoSeptemba 1, 1923
Le nyikima yaqala ngoSeptemba 1, 1923 kwaye yahlala iintsuku ezimbini! Ingqele ngeli xesha, kuye kwavela izibilini ezingama-356 kweli phondo laseJapan, eyona yokuqala yayiyomelele kakhulu - ubukhulu bufika kuma-8.3 amanqaku. Ngenxa yokutshintsha kwimeko yolwandle, ibangele ama-tsunami ama-12 emitha. Ngenxa yeziganeko ezinyikima, ezili-11,000 izakhiwo zatshatyalaliswa, umlilo waqala kwaye umoya oqinileyo wasasaza umlilo ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa yoko, izakhiwo ezingama-59 kunye neebridri ezingama-360 zatshiswa. Inani lokufa elisemthethweni lalingama-174,000 kunye nama-542,000 abantu abiwe bengekho. Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-1 basala bengenamakhaya.
I-Himalaya, Agasti 15, 1950
Kwakukho inyikima enqabeni yeTibet. Ubukhulu bayo babuyi-8.6 amanqaku, kwaye amandla ahambelana nomoya wokuqhuma kweebhomu ze-atomic eziyi-100. Amabali ababonela ngamehlo ngolu hlobo lwentlekele-ukuvakala kwamathambo kwavela kwiibilini zomhlaba, ukuqhutyelwa kwamagqabantshintshi angaphantsi komhlaba kwabangelwa abantu, kwaye iimoto zaphonswa kumgama wama-800 m. Enye yamacandelo omzila wesitimela wehla emhlabathini kwi-5 m. umntu, kodwa umonakalo ovela kwintlekele waba ngama-20,000,000.
11. I-Haiti, ngo-12 kuJanuwari 2010
Amandla okutshatyalaliswa okukhulu kwale nyikima yayingu-7.1 amaphuzu, kodwa emva kokuba ilandele uchungechunge lwezihlandlo eziphindaphindiweyo, ubukhulu bezinto ezi-5 okanye ngaphezulu. Ngenxa yale ntlekele, abantu abayi-220,000 bafa kwaye abayi-300 000 balimala. Abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi balahlekelwa amakhaya abo. Umonakalo wezinto ezivela kule ntlekele kuqikelelwa kwi-5 600 000 000.
12. iSan Francisco, ngo-Ephreli 18, 1906
Ubukhulu bamagagasi omhlaba wale nyikima yayingu-7.7 amanqaku. Ukuthungca kwavezwa lonke elaseCalifornia. Into embi kakhulu kukuba bayichukumisa ukuvela komlilo omkhulu, ngenxa yokuba phantse yonke indawo yaseSan Francisco yachithwa. Uluhlu lwamaxhoba entlekele lubandakanya abantu abangaphezu kwama-3 000. Ingxenye yabemi baseSan Francisco yalahlekelwa yindlu yayo.
13. UMina, uDisemba 28, 1908
Kwakungenye yeenyikima ezinkulu kwiYurophu. Ixabise iSicily kunye ne-Italia yasemazantsi, yabulala abantu abayi-120,000. I-epicenter ephambili yeentlanzi, isixeko saseM messina, yatshatyalaliswa ngokwenene. Inyikima ye-7.5 yenqaku yalandelwa yi-tsunami eyabetha yonxweme lonke. Inani lokufa kwaba ngabantu abangaphezu kwe-150,000.
14. Iphondo le-Haiyuan, Disemba 16, 1920
Le nyikima yaphumelela kumaqondo angama-7.8. Yatshatyalalisa phantse zonke izindlu kwiidolophu zaseLanzhou, eTayyuan naseXian. Abantu abangaphezu kwama-230,000 bafa. AmaNgqina athi amaza avela kwindyikima abonakala nakwiNorway.
15. Kobe, 17 Januwari 1995
Le yenye yehlabathi inyikima enkulu eJapan. Amandla akhe angama-7.2. Igunya elibhubisayo lefuthe le nhlekelele laye lafunyanwa yingxenye ebalulekileyo yoluntu lwale ndawo inabantu abaninzi. Kuye kwabulawa abantu abangaphezu kwama-5 000 kwaye abayi-26,000 balimala. Inani elikhulu lezakhiwo lilingane nomhlaba. I-Geological Survey yase-US iqikelele yonke imonakalo ye-$ 200,000,000.