UPeter wayengumkhohlisi owaba waza wabanjwa entolongweni yaseRussia. Kule ngqiqo kwafika abaphandi bezobugcisa bomlawuli.
Imbali yeliphi na ilizwe liyazi ubuncinane iimbalo ezimbalwa kunye nabameli bobuxoki beentlanganiso ezilawulayo. Iqhinga elifanayo lokufakelwa kwabameli begunya lolawulo okanye ukufihlwa kwelokufa kwabo kwakuyinto encedo "kumakhadi-grey" - emva kweemidlalo abadlali bezopolitiko, ababenempembelelo enkulu kubalawuli okanye baphupha ukuyifumana. Kwimbali yeRashiya yaseRussia, indawo ebonakalayo yinto yeTsar yiwele lePetros I, owalulawula ngokuphumelelayo ilizwe iminyaka emininzi. Ukuvela kwingcaciso engembaliyo kunzima ukwenza uluhlu lwezinto ezichanekileyo zolu hlobo.
1. Ukubuya kweMenshikov
Ngomnyaka we-1697-1698, uPetros wahombisa umsebenzi wezopolitiko obizwa ngokuba yi-Great Embassy, wasuka eRashiya waya eNtshona Yurophu. Kwaye kunye namadoda angama-20 kunye nabantu abangama-35 abathathi-nxaxheba bathatha inxaxheba kuyo, ngu-Alexander Menshikov kuphela owahlala ephila. Bonke abanye babulawa phantsi kweemeko ezicacileyo, malunga noko uPetros ndiyenqwenela ukuthetha kunye nabafundisi baze bafike ekupheleni kosuku. Bonke aba bantu babesazi kakuhle i-tsar kwaye baqinisekisa ukuba omnye umntu ubuyele eRussia esikhundleni sakhe.
2. Inguqu enkulu ngexesha lohambo
Abaxhasi abafileyo bokumkani babeza kunzima ukukholisa ukuba umkhohlisi kunye nomlawuli wabo wangaphambili ngumntu oyedwa. Njengobungqina benguqu yokufaka endaweni, unokuthelekisa ezimbini iifraji ezenziwe ngaphambi kokuhamba kukaPetros I kwaye emva nje kokubuya kwakhe ezweni lakubo. Washiya ilizwe njengendoda ekhangele iminyaka engama-25-26 ubudala, eneqonga phantsi kweliso lakhe lasekhohlo kunye nobuso obuninzi. UPetros ndandikukhula ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nobunzima obukhulu.
Ekuhambeni kunye naye, inguqu engaqhelekanga yenzeke: ukukhula kwakhe "welula" ukuya kumitha engama-4 ububanzi bendawo, ubukhulu becala kwaye "buyatshintsha" ukuma kobuso. Indoda ephathekayo, owayengabikho ekhaya kuphela ngonyaka, okungenani iminyaka engama-40 ebonakalayo. Emva kokufika kwakhe, abaninzi abantu bezinye iintlanga baqala ukuthetha ngokusobala bathi:
"Wethu uKumkani!"
3. Ukwenqatshelwa kwentsapho kunye nemfazwe nodade
Ewe, abo bathatha isikhundla sikaPetros I baxhatshazwa zizihlobo zakhe, ezaziyo ukubona umkhohlisi kwintlanganiso yokuqala. Udade we-tsar, uSophia Alekseevna, wayenolwazi lokulawula ilizwe waza waqonda ngokukhawuleza ukuba iYurophu yayithumelele umzalwana wayo ukuze ibe nefuthe kwilizwe elinjalo. U-Sophia wayekhokelela ekuvukeleni kweStreltsy, ekubeni kwiindawo ze-streltsi kwakukho abantu abaninzi abanomdla obenokuba nexesha lokuthetha nomtshini we-tsar kwaye baqiniseke ukuba akafani noPetros I. Ukuvukela kwakuncitshisiwe, uMphathiswa uSophia wathunyelwa kwindwendwe, nakumntu wonke ogqibe ukuthetha ngokucacileyo malunga ukumkani ongenazibilini, owamiselwayo kunye nokubanjwa.
UPeter omtsha nomfazi wakhe bathatha into enzenzekelayo. U-Evdokia Lopukhina mhlawumbi wayeyedwa yedwa othembekileyo kuye. Ngexesha le-Great Ambassy, wayephantse ngokumalunga naye imihla ngemihla, kodwa ke unxibelelwano lwaphela. Esikhundleni somyeni onothando, u-Yevdokia wabona umkhohlisi onobuqhetseba, emva kokufika kwakhe emva kokufika kwakhe wamthuma kwigumbi leendwendwe kwaye akazange anike naluphi na lwezicelo zakhe ezininzi zokubonisa izizathu zesenzo esinjalo. UPetros andizange ndiphulaphule nabafundisi, ababekade benempembelelo enamandla kuye kwaye bekunxamnye nokuvalelwa e-Evdokia.
4. Imemori engalunganga yobuso
U-Sophia Sophia kunye nabahlaseli bazingezo zodwa abangazange baqaphele ukumkani obuyele ekhaya. Akakwazanga ukukhumbula ubuso bezinye izalamane kunye nootitshala, bahlala bexutywe ngamagama kwaye abazange bakhumbule enye inkcazelo "yobomi obudlulileyo". Abahlobo bakhe baLefort noGordon, kwaye abanye abantu abathintekayo, abaqhubeka befuna ukuthetha kunye neTsar, babulawa phantsi kweemeko ezingaqhelekanga emva kokufika kwabo. Kwakhona unomdla wokuba i-Tsar "ilibale" emva kokuba ifike malunga nencwadi yelayibrari ye-Ivan i-Terrible, nangona iinqunto zendawo yazo zatshintshwe ngqo kwiTsar ukuya kwiTsar.
5. Ubanjwa entolongweni yensimbi
Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuhamba kukaPetros I waseYurophu, intolongo ivela entolongweni yaseBastille, egama lakhe langempela laziwa kuphela kuKumkani Louis XIV. Iesuphavayiza zambiza ngokuthi nguMichael, oku kubhekisela kwigama lesiRashiya likaPeter Mikhailov, oko ukumkani wayezicingela xa efuna ukuhlala engaqondakali. "I-Iron Mask" wayebizwe phakathi kwabantu, nangona i-mask, eyayiza kubhinqa de ibe yafa, yayinguVelvet. UVoltaire wabhala ukuba uyazi ukuba ngubani umboshwa, kodwa "njengomfokazi ongumFrentshi," kufuneka ahlale ethule. Ukubonakala nokubunjwa kwebanjwa kwakulungele ukubonakala kukaPetros I ngaphambi kokuya eYurophu. Nantsi into onokuyifumana kwiirekhodi zeburhuluneli yasejele.
"Wayemde, egcinwe ngesithunzi, wayala ukuba amphathe njengomntu onobubele."
Kwaye konke oko. Wafa ngo-1703, emva kokutshatyalaliswa komzimba, igumbi lacatshungulwa kakuhle, kwaye yonke imilinganiselo yobomi bakhe yabhujiswa.
6. Ukutshintsha utshintsho lwezambatho
Ukususela ebuntwaneni, uTsar wayemthanda iimpahla zakudala zesiRashiya. Wayenxiba ii-caftans zesiRashiya nakwiintsuku ezishisa kakhulu, aziqhenyiswa ngokuvela kwakhe kunye nayo yonke indlela enokuyigxininisa. I-Latin yabuyela eRussia esuka eYurophu, iyenqabela ukuba izenzele izambatho zaseRashiya, kwaye ayizange iphinde igule izambatho zendlu zobukhosi, nangona zikhohlakeleyo zamakhwenkwe kunye nabavuma. Kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe, uPetros wayezimbethe iingubo zaseYurophu kuphela.
7. Inzondo yonke into yaseRashiya
Ngalindelekanga, uPetros ndandiyithandi nje kuphela indlela yoRashiya yembatho, kodwa yonke into eyayinxulumene nelizwe lakubo. Waqala ukuthetha kakubi aze aqonde isiRashiya, eyabangela ukudideka phakathi kwenkwenkwezi kwiingcebiso kunye nakwamkelweyo. U-Tsar wathi ngethuba lobomi bakhe eYurophu wayekhohliwe ukuba abhale njani ngesiRashiya, wagqiba ekubeni ayeke ukugcinwa kwezithuba nangona wayezihlonela ngaphambili kwaye akakwazanga ukukhumbula nantoni na malunga nazo zonke izazinzululwazi ezazifundiswa njengommeli waseRussia. Kodwa wazuza izakhono zomculi olula, ocingelwayo okanye okhuseleyo kwi-tsar.
8. Ukugula okungqongqo
Ugqirha wenkosi akazange akholwe amehlo akhe xa, emva kokubuya ehambo olude, umbusi waqala ukuhlaselwa ngokuhlaselwa rhoqo kwindlovu engapheliyo. Wayenokuyifumana, ehamba ngeenxweme ezisemzantsi, engazange ndibonwe nguPetros. I-ambassy enkulu yahamba ngasendleleni yaselunxwemeni, ngoko kwenzeka ukuba ukhuseleko lwalukhutshwe.
9. Inkqubo entsha yokulwa
Ukuba ngaphambili inkosi yayilungiselela ukunqoba kweenyawo kunye neenqwelo zehashe, iYurophu yayitshintshe indlela eya kwinkqubo yemfazwe. Akuzange nanini ibone iimfazwe zaselwandle, uPetros wabonisa amava amnandi kwiimfazwe ebhokisini emanzini, eyamangalisa yonke impi yolwazi. Izakhono zakhe zokulwa, ngokwemiqathango ebhaliweyo, ineempawu onokuzifumana ngokulwa kwimikhumbi iminyaka emininzi. Kuba wayekade engumPetros mna kwakungenakwenzeka ngokwenyama: ubuntwana bakhe nolutsha lwadlula emhlabeni, olungenakho ukufikelela elwandle.
10. Ukufa kwe-Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich
U-Tsarevich uAlexei Petrovich, unyana oyena mkhulu kaPetros no-Evdokia Lopukhina, akazange abe nomdla kumlawuli wamanga xa kubonakala unyana wakhe. UPetros Ndandula ukuphoqa u-Alexei ukuba athathe i-tonsure, ebonisa ukunganeliseki yinto enye yokuba enkundleni - unyana, apho wayengakaze abe nomphefumlo. U-Alexei Petrovich wabaleka ePoland, apho wayeceba ukuya eBastille (ngokucacileyo, ukukhupha uyise oyinyaniso) kwimicimbi ethile yomntu. Abalandeli bePseudo-Peter bamthobela endleleni kwaye bathembisa ukuba ekubuyeni kwakhe yayiza kuthatha itrone kunye nenkxaso yabo. Emva kokuza eRussia, i-Tsarevich yaphandwa ngemibuzo nguPetros I waza wabulawa.