Isiqinisekiso esithembekileyo sokukhulelwa singaba esibhedlele, sinikele ngegazi ekuvavanyeni i-laboratory, kodwa abaninzi abafazi bafuna ukuyenza ekhaya. Iimvavanyo ezizodwa zenzelwe ukuzitholela ukukhulelwa. Bayivalela i-chorionic gonadotropin (i-hormone efihliweyo yi-placenta ezayo) kumchamo.
Ziziphi iimvavanyo zokukhulelwa?
Umgaqo wokusebenza kuzo zonke izixhobo ezichazweyo zifana, kodwa ubukhulu bokuqonda nokuchaneka kweziphumo zihluke. Ezi zilandelayo ziindidi zokukhulelwa ziza kuxutyushwa ngokubanzi ngezantsi:
- umgca;
- BB;
- Inkjet;
- ngekhompyutha.
Ukuvavanya iimvavanyo zokukhulelwa
Le ndlela yindlela engabizi kakhulu, elula kwaye ekhawulezileyo yokufumanisa ukuba i-conception yenzekile. Ukupakishwa kwezinto ezinjalo kunomxholo omnye okanye amabini amaphepha afakwe kwi-reagent ekhethekileyo ejongene ne-chorionic gonadotropin ( hCG ). Uvavanyo ngalunye olukhawulezayo lokukhulelwa kufuneka luxiliswe kwisitya kunye ne-urine eqokelelwe ngokutsha kwiimitha ezimbalwa (5-15). Uhlalutyo lwesikhathi luyimitha emi-3-5. Ngaphandle kwezi nzuzo, izixhobo eziveziweyo nazo zinokungalungi:
- Iziphumo zovavanyo lokukhulelwa zihlala ziphosakele. Zichaphazeleka kakhulu ngezinto ezininzi ezivela ngaphandle - ixesha lokuqokelela umchamo, iphutha ekusebenziseni umtsalane, ukuphulwa kweteknoloji yokuvelisa kwisityalo kunye nokunye. Ngamanye amaxesha iziphumo ezingamanga zivela kwimpendulo kumachiza okanye ukungalingani kwe-endocrine.
- Ukungaqondi. Ingxelo evezwe yeso sixhobo iphendula kuphela kwingxube ephezulu yehomoni ye-placenta - ukusuka kwi-25 mMe. Ukuba uvavanyo oluchazwe lwenziwa ngomhla woku-1 wokulibaziseka, ukuthembeka kwayo akudluli kuma-85-95%.
- Iingxaki. Ibhinqa kufuneka iqokelele umchamo kuphela kwisitya esicocekileyo okanye esingasinyumba.
Uvavanyo lwe-BB lokukhulelwa
Olu hlobo lwezesebenzi lufumaneka nakwiifom zephepha ezifakwe kwiimpawu zecala, kodwa zinamacandelo amaninzi ahlukeneyo. Olu vavanyo lokukhulelwa luchukumisa kuphela kwi-chorionic gonadotropin kwaye alukhathazi kwezinye i-hormone, ngoko ayiyi kubonisa iziphumo ezingamanga ngokusesikweni kweengxaki ze-endocrine. I-BB-strips ifundisa ngokubanzi, iveza ukukhulelwa kunye neendawo eziphantsi zeHCG - ukusuka kwi-10 mM. Unokusebenzisa uvavanyo lokukhulelwa ngaphambi kokulibaziseka, kodwa kungekudala ngaphambi kweentsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokuqala kokuya esikhathini.
Iingxaki zefowuni:
- Ixabiso eliphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nezifana ezilula;
- ukubola okanye ukungaqiniseki kwemichilo ebangelwayo;
- ukuphazamiseka ngenxa yokuqokelela umchamo wasekuseni kwiitya zokugcina.
Iimvavanyo zeethebhulethi ziyafumaneka nakwiimarike. Ziyabiza kakhulu kuneziqendu zamaphepha, kodwa zifana ngokufanayo. Ukwahlukana kuphela kukukho komzimba weplastiki kunye nepipette kwikiti. Ekuvavanyeni kukho ifowuni efanayo kunye novelwano lwama-10-25mM, akufuneki ukuba libhaptizwe emcinini. I-fluoid fluid ifanele ifakwe kwifestile ekhethekileyo isebenzisa ipipette kwaye ulinde umphumo. Kunengqiqo ukuthenga ezi zixhobo ukukwazisa ngokufanelekileyo umlingani malunga nokukhulelwa okanye ukugcina ithebhulethi ngenkumbulo yomzuzu othakazelisayo.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Injection yokukhulelwa
Iifowuni zesizukulwana sesithathu zibhekwa njengento efanelekileyo, ngokukhawuleza kwaye echanileyo. Iimvavanyo ezichazwe zenziwe kwizinto eziphathekayo kunye nama-tubules, ngokukhawuleza kuthatha umchamo. Ezi zixhobo akudingeki ukuba zibhaptizwe kwi-biological fluid, isiphelo sokufumana sifakwe phantsi kwe-jet. Olu luvavanyo lokukhulelwa oluthembekileyo - emva kokukhulelwa kuthatha phantse ngokukhawuleza, nangona ubuncinci be-hCG (malunga ne-10 mM), ukuchaneka kweziphumo kufinyelela kuma-99.9%. Impendulo yodwa yindleko ephezulu yale fowuni.
Uvavanyo lokukhulelwa kwe-elektroniki
Ubudala bokuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe bedijithali sele buchaphazele iindlela zokuqinisekisa ukukhulelwa. Uvavanyo oluninzi lokukhulelwa lwanamhlanje luxhotyiswe nge-chip chip ukufunda ulwazi malunga nomxholo we-chorionic gonadotropin kumchamo, kunye nomboniso omncinci obonisa impendulo ngohlobo lwe "+" kunye "-" "impawu" okanye "ukhulelwe" kwaye "akakhulelanga".
Umgaqo wokusebenza kunye nokuthembeka kwezixhobo ezicatshangelwayo zifana ngokufanayo ne-analogs jet. Olu luvavanyo olukhuselekileyo lokukhulelwa - kwimimiselo yokuqala, phantse i-100% yamatyala ibonisa umphumo olungileyo. Ukwahlukana okukuphela kwindlela efumaneka ngayo. Kwi-electronic display impendulo ibonakaliswe ngokucacileyo kwaye ingacacile, loo mfazi akanakho ukungathandabuzeki ngenxa yezinto ezingabonakaliyo, ezinqamlekileyo okanye ezinqamlekileyo.
Uvavanyo lokukhulelwa - lungcono?
Xa kuhlaziywa iindlela ezichaziweyo, kubalulekile ukugxila kuphela ekusebenziseni ukusetyenziswa kunye neendleko, kodwa kunye nokuqonda nokuthembeka kweziphumo. Uvavanyo olukhuselekileyo lokukhulelwa luncedo ekuqaliseni ukukhulelwa kwanokuqala kwimigangatho yokuphuhliswa kombungu kwaye kaninzi kunokubonisa iimpendulo zobuxoki. Ngezantsi uzakufumana imiyalelo enenkcazo yokukhetha amacebo achaziweyo.
Yintoni uvakalelo lweemvavanyo zokukhulelwa?
Emva kokukhulelwa kumzimba wesetyhini, izakhiwo eziyimfuneko ekuthwaleni ngokuqhelekileyo kwintsana ziqala ukwakha, enye yazo i- placenta . Izicubu zakhe zivelisa i-hormone - chorionic gonadotropin, inani layo likhula rhoqo. Ukuba khona kweHCG kubhalisa nayiphi na uvavanyo lokukhulelwa. Ubungakanani kunye nokuthembeka kwezi zixhobo kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu ezisetyenziswayo kwiibhande okanye iphepha.
Ukuphakama kwe-hormone, kulula ukuyibeka kumchamo, oku akudingi ama-reagents anentswelo kunye neendleko. Ekuveliseni iimvavanyo ezincinci kwiifom zamaphepha, ezi zixhobo ezisetyenziswayo. Banikezela ngeziphumo ezinokwethenjelwa kuphela kumxholo ophezulu we-hCG (ukusuka kwi-25 mMе), ngoko ke abanako ukuqinisekisa ukukhulelwa kumhla wokuqala kwaye kaninzi banika iimpendulo zobuxoki.
Uvavanyo lokukhulelwa oluchanekileyo lubonakaliswe ngokusetyenziswa kweempawu eziphambili. Iimveliso zamachiza kunye novelwano olwandisiweyo kwi-chorionic gonadotropin zibonelela i-hormone kwiindawo ezincinci-ukusuka kwi-10 mMe. Oku kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umkwenkqo wokuqala ukhulelwa kwinyanga yokuqala yokukhula komntwana kwaye ngaphambi kokulibaziseka komjikelezo wesini.
Ukulinganisa iimvavanyo zokukhulelwa
Abavelisi beempahla ngokubhekiselele bavelise iintlobo ezininzi zezixhobo (amaqhosha, amaphilisi, inkjet kunye nabanye). Uvavanyo lokukhulelwa - amanqaku afanelekileyo:
- FrauTest;
- EviTest;
- Clearblue;
- Innotech (i-BB Test);
- Qiniseka;
- Uvavanyo lweLadies;
- Yazi Ngoku;
- Bona;
- Qi niseka;
- Mpendulo.
Nini ukwenza uvavanyo lokukhulelwa?
Ukunyaniseka kwezixhobo ezinikezelweyo akuxhomeki kuphela kumgangatho wee-reagents, kodwa nangokuchanekileyo kokusetyenziswa kwazo. Ixesha elincinci, xa uvavanyo luza kubonisa ukukhulelwa, ziintsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokuqala komjikelezo. Leyo ngcaciso yenkcazelo inikezwa ngamayeza axabisekileyo kunye nama-reagents aphezulu, kodwa nakule meko impendulo yamanga ayifakiwe.
Ngangaphi na emva kokukhulelwa kuya kuhlola ukukhulelwa?
I-gonadotropin ye-Chorionic iqala ukuveliswa ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kodwa ukuxinwa kwayo kwinyanga yokuqala kuncinci kangangokuba kunzima ukuyiqonda kunye nokuhlaziywa kwegazi. Uvavanyo lokukhulelwa olukhuselekileyo lunokufumana i-hCG kumchamo kunye nesixa semali engama-10 mMe. Akunabo bonke abafazi abanalo i-hormone eveliswa kwisixa esipheleleyo, ngoko ke iziphumo zakuqala azikwazi kuthathwa njengokwethenjelwa. Uvavanyo lokukhulelwa oluchanekileyo luchanekile ukuba lwenziwa emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa emva kokulibaziseka . Ixesha elifanelekileyo liyi-8-14 iintsuku.
Ngaba kufuneka ndiyenze uvavanyo lokukhulelwa ekuseni?
Ixesha lovavanyo oluchazwe ekhaya lixhomekeke kuhlobo lwesazisi kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa kuyo. Uvavanyo lokukhulelwa kufuneka lwenziwe ekuseni, ukuba iifayile zamaphepha (kuquka uhlobo lweB BB) kunye namacwecwe asetyenziswa. Ezi zixhobo zifakelwe izigulane kunye ne-sensitive sensitivity, kwaye ukuxinwa kwe-gonadotropin kuwela emini, kufinyelela kwixabiso elincinci ngokuhlwa.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zejet kugwema ukuphazamiseka okunjalo. Zingasetyenziselwa naliphi na ixesha lemini, ngenxa yokuba uvelwano lweemichiza ezifakwe kwiimfucu ezinobumba zi-10 mM. Uvavanyo lwedijithali (i-elektroniki) lokukhulelwa lifana nelo lichanekileyo. Ibonisa iziphumo ezichanekileyo kwimini nasemini. Into ephambili kukuba umchamo kufuneka ube yintsha kunokwenzeka.
Ngaba uvavanyo lokukhulelwa lungalunganga?
Akukho nanye kwezi ntlobo zezixhobo aziqinisekisi i-100% ngokuchanekileyo, ubuninzi be-99-99.9%. Izibini ezimbini zokuvavanya ukukhulelwa zingabonisa ukuba ziphumo ezimbi. Izizathu ezinokwenzeka:
- ubukho emzimbeni weethambo ezibi okanye i-cycs eveza iHCG;
- ukukhipha isisu kwangaphambili, ukukhipha isisu okanye ukunamathiswa kwe-ectopic yeqanda lomntwana ;
- isitoreji esingalunganga okanye ukusetyenziswa kovavanyo;
- ukuthatha izidakamizwa ze-hormone, ngokukodwa kunyango lokungabikho komntwana;
- ukungena kwezinga eliphezulu (iimpazamo zokuvelisa).
Uvavanyo lokukhulelwa
Ukungaqiniseki yinkinga rhoqo, ngenxa yoko kufuneka uhlalutye ngokuphindaphindiweyo okanye uye ekliniki ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Umgca obuthathaka ovavanyo lokukhulelwa ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo njengempendulo engamanga. Ngamanye amaxesha esi siphumo sibonisa izimo zokugcina ezingalunganga (ukuphakama okuphezulu, ukukhanya kwelanga). Kulula ukuqonda kwaye ukuvavanya ukukhulelwa kokulibaziseka - izibini ezimbini ziya kuba nomthunzi omnyama okanye omnyama kakhulu. Oku kubonisa ukuba akukho mpikiswano yeekhemikhali phakathi komchamo kunye nesisigxina, ukungagqibekanga.
Ukukhulelwa kunye novavanyo olubi
Iziphumo ezimbi zenzeke rhoqo, nangona ukuba uhlalutyo alukwenziwe ngosuku lokuqala kunokwenzeka. Uvavanyo lokukhulelwa okungahambiyo lunezi zizathu zilandelayo:
- ukuxhumeka kwe-ectopic yesisu;
- usongelo lokukhulelwa kwesisu ;
- ukukhulelwa okukhenkce;
- lifutshane kakhulu ixesha emva kokukhulelwa;
- intsholongwane engapheliyo okanye i-cardiovascular pathology kumama ozayo;
- uvavanyo oluphantsi okanye oluphene;
- kuthatha imishanguzo evelisa i-diuretic effect;
- Ukusetyenziswa okungalunganga kwesixhobo;
- unyango ngeziyobisi ze-hormonal;
- ukuveliswa kwe-griadotropin ye-chorionic ngenxa yezizathu zomzimba okanye zesibetho.