Ezi zityalo ezintle kunye nezohlukeneyo zangaphakathi zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabaflorisi. Ngosizo lwabo bahlobisa zombini iindawo zokuhlala, kunye neofisi. Babonakala bekhangelekile ngenxa yamagqabantshintshi amakhulu kwaye aqaqambileyo, afaneleke nakweyiphi na yangaphakathi kwaye abe yinto yokuhlobisa igumbi. Ukuzaliswa kwe- fern ekhaya akukwazi ukuba kubandakanywa kwinkqubo elula ngenxa yezinto ezininzi, kodwa i-floriculturist eninzi okanye engaphantsi kweyona nto ihamba ngamandla.
Indlela yokwandisa i-fern?
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuvelisa i-fern yangaphakathi:
- ukwahlukana kwehlathi;
- amahlumela;
- ngoncedo lwee-tubers (njenge- nephrolepsis );
- kwaye kwaye yile ndlela eqhubekayo kwaye eyaziwayo yokuzalisa i-fern-spores.
Ngolunye unyulo unelungelo lobomi. Kodwa ngokusetyenzisweni, indlela yokuvuthwa kwe-home fern isetyenziswa rhoqo. Masihlale ngamnye ngamnye ngeenkcukacha.
Ukuzaliswa kwama-sexual ferns
Indlela elula yokwahlula isiqithi esikhulu kwiqela elithile lizahlula kwi-rosettes. Ukuba le yintlobo yexesha elide, kuyimfuneko ukuhlukanisa inxalenye ye-rhizome kunye neesibini ze-rootlets kunye ubuncinane neentso. Emva kokutyala, isityalo siya kukhula ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuba ngumbuzo wezilwanyana ezenza izibetho, kulungile ukusebenzisa i-moss emanzi ngokucoca. Yonke imisebenzi iyenziwa kuphela entwasahlobo: imozulu kufuneka ihlale ipholile, kwaye isityalo siyena kwisigaba sokukhula okukhulayo. Kuvunyelwe ukwahlula ngale ndlela ngexesha lika-Agasti-Septemba, kodwa kuphela phantsi kokupholisa.
Xa ukwahlula isiqithi, qaphela i-meristems. Le ngongoma yokukhula kwi-rhizome. Kuphuhliso oluqhelekileyo lwezityalo, i-vaiya nganye kufuneka ihambelane nendawo yokukhula. Olu hlobo lokuvelisa i-ferns lufaneleke kakhulu kwi-florist yokuqala. Ngokumalunga neenkosi zabo zobugcisa, bahlala beqhelisela ukuveliswa ngokwesini ngo-ferns. Le nkqubo inzima kakhulu kwaye iza kufuna ulwazi oluninzi.
Ukuzaliswa kwamafern by spores
Ngomjikelezo wokuveliswa kwanoma yiyiphi i-ferns, ukutshintshwa kwezizukulwana ezimbini kuyimpawu. Umtsalane omdala we sporophyte (kanye nje into esiyisebenzisayo ukuyigcina ebhodweni kwifestile) phantsi kweqabunga kunezinkulungwane zama-spores. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba ezi ziqhamo zikhula kwaye ziwela emhlabathini ovundileyo, ziqala ukuhluma. Kwihlumela ngalinye kukho iinkunzi zesilisa kunye namabhinqa kwaye emva kokuchumisa kwiqanda sibona i-sporophyte entsha.
Le ndlela yokuzaliswa kwamafern isetyenziselwa ezo zityalo ezinokukhula okukodwa kuphela kwaye azize zenze iindawo ezintsha. Ngokomgaqo, ukuhluma i-spores kuyafana kakhulu nenkqubo yokuhluma kwembewu. Ukwahlukana kuphela kubukhulu bempahla yokutyala kunye neempawu zokunyamekela. Ukuzaliswa kweentlobano zesondo kubonakala kwiinqanaba eziliqela.
- Okokuqala, sifumana iphepha apho umtsalane onobumba obomvu kwicala elibhekise phambili kubonakala ngokucacileyo. Inqunywe kwaye ifakwe kwisikhwama sephepha.
- Ngethuba lemini, le phakethi iyazanyazanyiswa rhoqo, kodwa ingavulwa. Sebenzisa iphakheji kuphela.
- Ukuhlaliswa, umxube olandelayo ulungisiwe: i-peat, umhlabathi, isanti, amalahle axutywa ngokwexabiso elilinganayo. Umxube uphephe kwaye uphululelwe kwiimbiza okanye iipot. Isalathisi sotena sithululwa phezulu, esasigxilwe ngokukhawuleza.
- Ubume bomhlaba bunqunywe kwaye i-spores ithululelwa phezulu. Iphuzu elibalulekileyo: ukusuka kwimida yebhode ukuya emhlabathini kufuneka ibe malunga no-1 cm.
- Ukuzaliswa ngokuphumelelayo kwegumbi le-fern kwiimeko ezinjalo kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuphakama okukhulu kwomoya, ukushisa komyalelo we-25 ° C. Amagunya anxiwe ngeglasi, kwaye afakwe kwiipane ngamanzi emvula. Ukusetyenziswa kokunkcenkceshela kuphela kuphela.
- Inyanga kamva phezu komhlaba iya kubonakala ihlumela ezincinci ezifana ne-moss. Enye yeempawu zokuvelisa i-ferns yinto enyanzelekileyo yobume befilimu yamanzi yokuchumisa. Musa ukususa iglasi kude kubekho amaqabunga okuqala avela kwiintlobo.
- Umjikelezo wokuzalisa i-fern wagqitywa kwaye safumana kwakhona i-sporophyte.