Iimifuno ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokutya okunokulinganisela. Uninzi lwawo lukhulile yonke indawo kwindlu yangasemva kunye nedacha. Ezi ziyizambatho, i-zucchini, i-anyanisi, izaqathe, ukhukhamba kunye neetatayi.
Kusuka kwinqaku uza kufunda indlela yokukhulisa isityalo esihle kwiinqwelo zelizwe.
U-Ogorodniki ukholelwa ukuba iinqwelo ezikhulayo entsimini azihlali zicebisekile, kuba ukuvuna kwayo kuxhomekeke kwi:
- umgangatho kunye nokuzala komhlaba;
- ukusetyenziswa kwetheknoloji efanelekileyo kwezolimo;
- iintlobo ezisetyenziswayo;
- imeko zemozulu.
Yaye ukuba umhlaba, i-agrotechnics kunye neendidi zingakwazi ukulawulwa xa zikhula iidroti, ngoko umntu akanako ukuqagela imozulu, njengokuba kukho ukutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa, iindiza eziphindaphindiweyo entwasahlobo, iimvula ezinzima okanye isomiso eside ehlobo. Nangona kunjalo, abalimi bahlomela ubuncinci i-patch encinci yeengcambu.
Ukutshala kunye neeqholi ezikhulayo
Iinqathethi zikhetha indawo zelanga kunye nomhlaba okhululekile. Akayithandi udongwe olunzima kunye nenhlabathi ye-asidi. Umhlaba we-asidi ekwindla yesfosholo kuyimfuneko ukuzisa ngeglasi ye-chaki okanye i-dolomite. Iimpawu eziphambili ze-karoti ziyi: utamatisi, iklabishi, iitapile, anyanisi, i-zucchini, iikomkethi kunye nemifuno.
Ikhefu lekroti elizayo kufuneka lilungiswe ngekwindla. Gweba umhlaba kwi-bayonet ye-spade, ngokusungulwa kwama-potash fertilizer. Ngentwasahlobo, ukhulule umhlaba kwaye wongeze iifosphorus.
Imbewu ye-kroti engenakuphiliswa ikhula kakhulu kwaye ide ngenxa yomxholo weoli efunekayo kwiigobolondo zazo. Ngako ke, imbewu ihlanjululwe kwaye iphathwa ngamagunya okuhluma ukukhuthaza ukuhluma.
Iikroti zihlwayelwa entwasahlobo, xa ubushushu bubekwe ngaphezu kwe-8 ° C, oku kwenzeka kwithuba linye ngo-Aprili-Meyi. Iibhedi ezenziwe zilungisiwe, ukhula luyakususwa kwaye iiprooves ziphawulwe ngobunzulu be-1.5-2 cm kumgama wama-20 cm phakathi kwemigca. Iifolokhwe zithethwa ngamanzi okanye isisombululo esilula se-potassium permanganate, imbewu ihlwayelwe kuyo, ehlanganiswe nomhlaba evela phezulu kwaye igutywe ngefilimu. Ngaloo kutyala, iinqwelo ziya kunyuka iintsuku ezingama-5-6, emva koko ifilimu isuswe. Ukuba umhlaba awunelanga ngokwaneleyo, kwaye imbewu ayinakwenziwa, ke amahlumela awayi kuvela kungekudala (iiveki 2-3).
Ukunyamekela ukutshala iinqotyi kukukwenza imisebenzi enjalo:
- ukuxhoma kunye nokukhulula emva kokuthambisa kunye nemvula nganye;
- ukutshiza okucwangcisiweyo rhoqo - amahlumela amancinci athambisa umlinganiselo omncinci ama-2 ngeveki, ukwanda kwexesha ukuya kuma-lititha ezingama-20 nge-1 m2, ekwindla, ekungabikho kwemvula - nganye iintsuku ezili-10 ezili-10 nge-1 sq. km;
- ukucoca amahlumela kuqala ukuya kwi-1 cm, kwaye kwinqanaba lesi-5 ukuya kuma-4-5 cm phakathi kwezityalo;
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu 5 l / m² (10 ilitha amanzi 1 isipuni se nitrophosphite okanye nitroammofoski) - inyanga emva kokuvela kwaye emva koko emva kweentsuku ezingama-25 ukuya kwe-30;
- unyango ngokuchasene nezilwanyana kunye nezifo - i-carrot, i-aphids, i-cercosporosis, ukubola okumhlophe nokumnyama, i-bacteriosis, indawo ebomvu, i-phomosis.
Iimfihlelo zokukhupha izaqathe
Xa ukhula izaqathe, kufuneka usebenzise amaqhinga amancinci anokunceda ukufumana umgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuvunwa okuphezulu:
- sebenzisa umgquba njengoko isichumisi singakhuthazwa, kuba kule ngxaki ihlanganiswe iingcambu kunye neentsikelelo ezibi ziza kufumaneka;
- ukwenzela ukuba imbewu ihlwayelwe ngakumbi ngokulinganayo kwaye ngokukhawuleza, baxube kunye nomyinge we-1: 1 ngesanti;
- ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezimbewu kwaye ke kungabonakali ukutshala, ngoko banokudityaniswa nokunamathiswa kwe-starch kumaphepha amancinci ephepha kumgama we-5 cm, kwaye xa utyalwe, vele ujike idibhoni emanzini uze ufefe umhlaba;
- ukufumana i-kroti yokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukuhlwayela phantsi kwebusika , kuphela isityalo asigcinwanga ixesha elide;
- umgama omkhulu phakathi kwezityalo, enkulu ikrotithi iya kukhula;
- xa uvunwa, uhlambulule ngomhlaba ngezandla zakho, kwaye ungabetha umhlaba okanye omnye nomnye;
- gcina iinqathi kwiindawo ezipholileyo kunye nephezulu.
Ukusebenzisa ezi ngcebiso malunga nokwandisa izaqathe kwintsimi, kwaye utshayela iintlobo ezininzi ngokukhula okuhlukeneyo kunye neempawu zokunambitheka, udibanisa kwaye unikezele ngetafile yakho ngolu hlobo lwemifuno engcambu ngexesha elide.