Abalimi abaninzi bayazibuza indlela yokukhulisa izilwanyana kwiqhinga labo. Isityalo sivela eMzantsi Melika, kodwa imozulu yecala eliphakathi kweYurophu lilungele ukuhlakulela izilwanyana ezingaphandle. Ukufumana isityalo, kuyimfuneko ukuthenga izinto zokutya imbewu nokufunda iindlela zokulima.
Amanqatha - ukutshala nokukhula ekhaya
Iintsika zomhlaba zityalo zonyaka owodwa otyalwe ngonyaka. Uthathwa njengowentsapho yemigqabi, unayo inambatho yokunambitha. Iziqhamo zaso zenziwe elukhumbeni kwiindawo eziliqela, zikhule phantsi komhlaba. Iintyatyambo ezisezantsi zityalo zifikela emhlabathini kwaye ziwa phantsi ngokupheleleyo, emva koko ukuqala kwesivuno kuqala. Ukufumana iifom, indlela elula yokukhula kwimifumba eqhelekileyo, esekhaya ekhaya kwifestile, nayo ifanelekile. Kuphela kufuneka ubeke kwindawo elula, unikeze ukukhanya okwaneleyo, ukhusele kwimida.
Indlela yokuhlwaya amanqatha ekhaya?
Ngaphambi kokutyala amantombazana ekhaya, kufuneka ulungise isitya esikhulu (30-40 cm ububanzi), ukuze kamva amahlumela ayo awaxhomeke emaphethelweni ebhodweni. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuhlwayela liphakathi kuka-Apreli. Imigaqo yokuhlaliswa:
- Imbewu ingcono ukuthenga kwiivenkile ezizodwa, ebusuku zihlanjululwe ngamanzi, zongeza i-drop of Epin . Ngentsasa, ama-nut avuliwe kwaye umgudu uboniswa;
- i-substrate ilungiselelwe ukusuka kwi-humus nesihlabathi, ithathwe kwiindawo ezifanayo;
- tshala imbewu ngokufanelekileyo kwiiphilisi zamaphepha-peat (le ndlela izakufuna ukutsalwa kwakhona) okanye ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwindawo engunaphakade;
- isitya sigcwaliswe nge-substrate emanzi;
- Imbewu ehlumekileyo ityalwe phakathi phakathi kwe-2-2.5 cm;
- Ukudala i-microclimate efudumeleyo, ibhokhwe ihlanganiswe ne-cellophane kwaye ifakwe kwindawo efudumeleyo;
- ukuhluma, i-hotbed ihlala yomoya.
Ukunyamekela amaphulo ekhaya
Ukuze uphuhliso oluphumelelayo lwesityalo, kufuneka ukuba kugcinwe i-agrotechnology yokuhlakulela izilwanyana. Indlela yokukhulisa iifotyi ekhaya ekhayeni:
- Ukunisela. Hlulela rhoqo imbewu, ugweme ukutshiza i-coma.
- Ukutshiza. Ngeentsuku ezitshisayo ihlumela ixiliswa ngamanzi kwiqondo lokushisa lomsasa ekuseni nakusihlwa.
- Ulawulo lokushisa. I-Optimum - + 20-27 ° С, imiqathango engezantsi + 15 ° С nangaphezulu + 30 ° С isonakalisa isiqhamo.
- Hilling. Eqhutywe ngasekupheleni kweJulayi ukuya ku-3 cm, ubude kabini ngo-Agasti kwi-1.5-2 cm.
Xa ukuphakama kufinyelela kwi-20 cm, izityalo ziyaqhakaza (ngosuku 40-45). Endaweni yamagalelo ase-orange avela ama-ovari, awela emhlabathini. Iziqhamo zenziwe ngobunzulu be-8-10 cm. Amagqabi aphuzi abe ngumqondiso wokuvuna. Isityalo siyakhutshwa emhlabeni, sibekwe ilanga ukuze some. Emva kweentsuku ezili-10-12, iinqatha ziya kuqala ukuhlukana kakuhle kwigobolondo. Ihlathi ngalinye linika malunga neembotyi ezingamashumi amahlanu kunye nama-1-7 entonga ngaphakathi kwegobolondo.
Indlela yokukhulisa izilwanyana kumyezo?
Ngaphambi kokukhula kwamanqwanqatha evulekile, kubalulekile ukuziqonda ngezinye zeendlela zokulima. Ukutshala i-walnut khetha indawo evulekileyo kunye nokukhanya okukhanyayo kunye nokukhanya okukhanyayo. Abahamba phambili bezona zibhatate, ukhukhamba, iklabishi. Emva kokuba imifuno ikhule isivuno esihle kunzima. Umhlaba udinga ukukhutshwa, ukuguqula amanzi, ukungathathi hlangothi. Amanqatha ayakhula xa atyala kwaye ehlambulula ngaphandle kweqondo lokushisa lika-20 ° C. Xa linciphisa, utyalo lophuhliso luyayeka, kulolu cwangciso kucetyiswa ukuba lukhusele inkcubeko ngefilimu.
Indlela yokuhlwayela imbewu yezityalo zomhlaba?
Imbewu ihlanjululwe ekupheleni kuka-Apreli (ingafakwa kwisisombululo se-potassium permanganate imizuzu engama-30), emva kweentsuku ezili-10 zivela kuzo. Emva koko iimbotyi zifakwa kwindawo evulekile. Emva kokuhluma i-peanut iya kukhula ngokukhawuleza. Le ndlela izakukhusela ibhontshisi kwibhere, edla ngokutya imbewu emhlabathini. Kungcono ukhethe inani elikhulu lokuhlwayela, izityalo ezincinci azikwazi ukunyuka. Indlela yokuhlwaya iipinaniti ensimini:
- Ukuhlahlela kuqhutyelwa kwi-fossa ye-10 cm ubude kunye nomgama we-50 cm phakathi kweemifanekiso. Inokutsalwa ngemigca ngemida ye-30 cm okanye indlela ye chess;
- Ukukhula iifotyi kunokwenzeka kwaye sikwele i-60х60 okanye i-70х70 cm;
- Umhlaba kufuneka ukhululeke kwaye uhlambuluke, njengoko inkcubeko ikhetha umhlaba onothileyo;
- Ukutyalwa kwakha ubhontshisi asetshenzisiweyo, iindawo ezisuka kumaqabunga nazo zingaphoswa emgodini-ziya kudlala indima yefomati kwiingcambu;
- Imbewu e-3 ifakwa kwi fossa nganye, kuba ababuthathaka abakwazi ukunyuka;
- emva kokuvala, umbhede unxiliswe ngcinezelo obuthathaka, ukuze ungahlambululi umyinge ophezulu womhlaba;
- Izityalo zikhula ngaphezu kwenyanga ukuya ku-25-75 cm.
Ixesha lokutyala amantonga
Ekubeni ama-peanuts angakhula kuphela kwindawo efudumeleyo, ukuhlwayelwa kwenziwa emva kokuba ubushushu bomhlaba bufudumele kwi-15 ° C. Oku kwenzeka phakathi koMeyi emva kokuqhaqha kwamakhabe. AmaFrost ayingozi kuma-peanuts, ngoko ngaphambi kokutshala amantombazana ehlabathini kwindawo evulekile, kufuneka ulinde ukufudumala kwemozulu. Unokubeka ubhontshisi kwiiglasi 3-4 cm ububanzi ngo-Ephreli, ufake i-windows window. Emva koko izityalo zifudukela emhlabathini ovulekileyo ekuqaleni kukaJuni.
Ukunyamekela amantongomane kwindawo evulekile
Amanqatha omhlaba, xa ekhulile ngaphandle, adinga ukunakekelwa okuqhelekileyo - kufuna ukuthambisa, ukutya, ukulawula izilwanyana. Amahlumela aphantsi aphantsi kufuneka akhuselwe kokhula. Imiqolo yohlula idibene kunye nokukhutshwa komhlaba emva kokuba ususwe. Emva kokuba amaqabunga esi sityalo aphuzi, kwaye imbewu iqala ukususwa kalula kwiimbotyi, ixesha lokuvuna liqala (isiqingatha sesibini seSeptemba). Okokuqala amahlathi ahlanjululwa, avumela iziqhamo zome. Isivuno sivuna kwinqanaba leembotyi ezingenakunyulwa kwiingxowa zesikhumba kwindawo elomileyo kwi-8-10 ° C. Ukususela kwelinye iqela liqokelela ukuya kwi-0.5 kg yeenantsi.
Iimpawu zokukhula kwamanqatha emhlabathini ovulekile
I-peanut inomdla obunomdla - ityhula enye imini. Ngamanye amaxesha le nkqubo ihamba ngokungafunekiyo kubafama beloli. Ngethuba kusasa ngoJuni zihluma, kwaye ngokuhlwa zivele ziphelile-ngeli xesha zikwazi ukuphala. Emva kweenyanga ezi-1.5-2 emva kokuqhakaza, ii-ovari zihla emhlabathini, zikhule zibe zizinzulu, apho ukuveliswa kweziqhamo zenkcubeko kuza kwenzeka.
Ukukhula kwamanqwanqwa kwintsimi kuhambelana nokunyaniseka kweentaba. Kwiintsuku ezili-10 emva kokuphalaza, ii-ovari zifafazwe ngumbumba, umhlaba okhululekile u-5-7 cm (njengamazambane), ukwenzela ukuba umgangatho wesondlo ufike kwi-cotyledon. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukukhula kwamanqwanqwa kuya kunceda iinduli ezimbini ngekhefu leentsuku ezili-10, apho isitshixo sesityalo sitshintshwa khona kancane. Inkqubo icetyiswa emva kokunisela okanye imvula.
Iimeko zokukhula kwamanci - umhlaba
Kubalulekile ukuba abalimi bazi apho izilwanyana zikhule khona. Isayithi kufuneka ivule ngaphandle kweso sithunzi esivela kwizicingo, izakhiwo, imithi. I-Primer yamanqatha idinga ukumanzi, ukukhanya, kunye nepesenti ephezulu ye-humus, i-calcium kunye ne-magnesium-chernozem okanye i-loam enesihlabathi. Inhlabathi edibeneyo ayinakuyinyamezela inkcubeko, kwaye i-asidi kufuneka ihlawulwe ngaphambi kokutshala. Ngaphambi kokukhula kwamanqwanqwa, isayithi ilungiselelwe: ekwindla yokumba kwi-cm cm engaphantsi komhlaba yongeza i-1-3 kg ye-humus ukuya kwi-1 m 2 kwendawo. Ngentwasahlobo, indawo yokutyala iyaphinda ikhululiwe kunye ne-additive nganye m 2 ukuya ku-50 amagremu we- nitrophosphate .
Indlela yokuhlwaya iipenanti ngokuchanekileyo - iimpawu zokunisela
I-nut nut ikhetha umanzi, kungekhona umhlaba omanzi. Ukuxilisa ngokweqile kungaholela ekuhleni kwe siqhamo. Indlela yokukhulisa i-peanut yodongwe kwilizwe - ukunkcenkceshela:
- Hlonipha isityalo xa umgca ophezulu womhlaba umile-malunga nanye ngosuku;
- kwinqanaba leentyantyambo, izihluma zixutywa kakhulu - ngeentsasa enye okanye ezimbini ngeveki;
- amanzi ukuze le nkqubo ingabi kubanda - kufuneka ifuthe kancinci elangeni;
- Emva kokubunjwa kwe-ovary esikhundleni sokunisela, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uchithe yonke imihla ngemihla;
- emva kokumisa umhlaba ukhululiwe ukuze kulungiswe nge-oxygen;
- ukuba kule ndawo kukho imvula rhoqo, ukuhlambela kungaphuthelwa;
- inyanga ngaphambi kokuvuna, ukunqunyulwa kwamanzi kuyamiswa. Ukuba isityalo sinamanzi ngoSeptemba, iziqhamo ziya kutshaba.
Ukulima kweebhokhwe - ukugqoka okuphezulu
I-nut nut isondla kabini ngexesha. Amafutha afanelekileyo ekukhuleni nasekuvuneni. Isityalo sithatha kakuhle i-potassium ne-phosphorus. Indlela yokukhulisa izilwanyana kwilizwe - izichumisi:
- isilupu sokuqala senziwa emva kokuba amahlamvu afinyelele kwi-10 cm ukuphakama - ama-feed asetsheni ama-20 g we-nitmonium nitrate, 45 g weetyuyamu ityuwa, i-70 g ye-superphosphate nge-10 ilitha amanzi;
- okwesibini ukuchumisa kuphinda kuphindwe kwisigaba sefruiting.
Indlela yokukhulisa izilwanyana - izifo kunye nezinambuzane?
Njengazo zonke izityalo, izakhi zichaphazeleka zizifo kwaye zihlaselwe yizinambuzane. Indlela yokukhulisa umnandi we-peanut kwi-dacha - ulwe nama-parasites:
- Amanqwanqwane athukuthelwa ngama-apidi, iimbumba. Zilimaza amahlamvu, zonakalisa inkqubo yokuchuma. Ukukrazula iipasisiti kunokwenzeka, ukufafaza umgqomo ngomlotha womthi okanye uthuli logwayi.
- Ukusuka kwi- thrips, isityalo sitshizwa nge- insecticide .
- Kunobungozi, ukuba umnqweno uqala ukutya kwi-wireworms-bahlala emhlabathini baze batye iziqhamo nakwi-peel. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwabo, imigibe-migibe yenziwe apho iinqununu zezambatho, iibhotshi okanye izaqathe zifakwa. Iimithombo zihlanganiswe ngamaplanga, isinyithi, kwaye emva kwexesha izimpungushe zikhwela ukukhwela.
- Nangona kwintsimi eneemfucuza, kucetyiswa ukuba ufake ifowuni ukuba ihlasele iintaka, ezingonakalisa zonke iziqhamo.
Indlela yokukhulisa iipilisi ezisemgangathweni - izifo:
- Isifo sobunzima. Esi sifo sibonakala njengamaqabunga kumacala omabini amaqabunga. Ngokunqotshwa kwamafungicides - iTazz, Bravo, Quadrice.
- I-Phallosticosis okanye indawo yamagqabi. Ukwaziswa ngokuhlanjululwa okubomvu ukuya kwi-6 mm ububanzi, leyo inkqubela ephezulu. I-fungicides ye-wide spectrum yezenzo iphumelele ukulwa nesifo.
- Grey kubola. Kubonakala emva kweentyantyambo ezinjengeentlobo eziqhekezayo, ezivela kumagqabi ukuya kwiimpawu. Izihlahla ezichaphazelekayo azivuthwa iziqhamo. Ukukhulisa isiqithi esinempilo kuya kunceda ukugcinwa kwetheknoloji yezolimo, ukuphuhliswa kweenkcubeko, ukugcina ukujikeleza kwezityalo, ukuhlawulelwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo.