Nangona uphuhliso kunye neenguqu zehlabathi, emazweni amaninzi amaqela amacandelo aqhubeka elawula izitalato. Elinye lamaqela amaninzi kwaye anobungozi eMelika ngu-MS-13. Ukusuka kolwazi malunga nobomi bakhe, imigaqo kunye nemigangatho, i-goose bumps ihamba emzimbeni wakhe.
E-Melika, kukho iqela elinobugebengu elihlelekile elonakalisa wonke umntu - iMara Salvatrucha okanye iM-13. Kukholelwa ukuba kwavela kwii-80 zekhulu elidlulileyo, ngexesha lemfazwe yombutho e-Ecuador, inani elikhulu lamaLatin America lafudukela eMelika. Ngokweziqikelelo ezahlukeneyo, iqela libandakanya abantu abangama-50 ukuya kuma-300 abantu emhlabeni jikelele. Kwaye inani labo landa rhoqo.
I-MS-13 ijongene nokuthengiswa kweziyobisi, ukuphanga nokubulala. Umongameli waseMelika uDonald Trump uthe kwenye yoluntu udliwano-ndlebe ukuba ulungele ukukhawuleza nxamnye nale nkqonkqo, kuba izenzo zawo sele zihamba ngaphaya kwemida yonke. Sinikela ukuba ufunde iinkqubo ezisisiseko kunye nezithethe zikaMar Salvatrucha.
1. Umhlobo kumhlobo weentaba
Kwiqela elibi kakhulu laseMelika, umgaqo oyintloko uxhasa uncedo. Amalungu ale qela akulungele nanini na imini nobusuku beza kuncedisa iqabane lawo. Ukuba umntu ovela kwi-MS-13 okanye ulahlile "umhlobo" kwiimeko ezinzima, ngoko ulindele ukufa.
2. Ukubandakanya abantu abatsha
Abathathi-nxaxheba beMar Salvatrucha basebenzise iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuqashelwa ukutsala abantu abatsha abathembisayo. Ngokomzekelo, ngemini baququzelela amaqela ukuba axhamle, apho abafundi nabafundi besikolo beza bafuna ukuphosakela izifundo. Ngethuba lolo liqela elithokozayo likhohlisa abantu abatsha.
3. Iitaki zezitalato
Hhayi nje kuphela eMelika, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe, unokubona i-graffiti kunye neengcambu zegundane kwiindonga zezindlu, izicingo kunye nezinye izakhiwo. Olu luhlobo lwelebula, ebonisa ukuba ngubani olawula kule ntsimi, akwenza kucacise ukuba abaphangi ababakho apha. Kukho iqela elihlukileyo legraffiti elinikezelwe kumalungu omgudu osandul 'ukubulawa.
4. Ukungeniswa kwabasandul 'iqela kwiqela lemigundane
Ukuze ube ilungu elipheleleyo le-MS-13, umntu kufuneka ahambe ngamanyathelo amabini. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba nabantwana bayamkelwa kwiqela, ukususela kwiminyaka yesibhozo. Isigaba sokuqala siquka ukubetha amalungu amaninzi asegundwini, kwaye le nyathelo ihlala imizuzwana engama-13. Kungabonakala ukuba le ncinane kakhulu, kodwa eqinisweni, xa ungazikhuseli, kwaye abantu abaninzi bahlaselwa, unokufumana ukulimala okukhulu. Isigaba sesibini kukubulawa komntu ovela kwiqela elikhuphisanayo, apho umviwa anikwe izixhobo kwaye atyalwe kwintsimi enobubi.
5. Ukugcina ukuthembeka
Phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba kukho ukhuphiswano oluqhubekayo, kwaye ukuze ungaphumeleli ukuthembeka, kubalulekile ukuxhasa. Ngoko ke, onke amalungu eqela lemigudu kufuneka athathe inxaxheba rhoqo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zolwaphulo-mthetho. Abaqalayo benza umsebenzi ongcolileyo - ukubulala, ukudlwengula, ukweba, kodwa amadoda amadala asombulula imiba engakumbi, ngokubhekisele ekuthengiseni izixhobo kunye neziyobisi.
6. Ukukholelwa kuSathana
UMara Salvatrucha unqula uSathana. Amalungu emigunduku enza amasiko athile ukuze abulele amandla omnyama ngokuxhasa kwabo. Kukho ubungqina bokuba abaphangi benza isigwebo sokubulala amaxesha amaninzi.
7. Ulwimi lwezandla
Iqela elibi kakhulu laseMelika linalo ulwimi lwalo lwezandla, abayibiza ngokuthi "ukulungiswa", umzekelo, ukubetha isisu, kuthetha ukuba kufuneka usebenzise isibhamu kwaye udibanise iiplanga. Ingqwalasela eyahlukileyo ifanele uphawu oluphambili lukaMar Salvatrucha - "ibhokhwe" yeminwe, efana neleta "M". Uphawu lwalukhethwa kuma-80 ngabasunguli begundane, ababengabalandeli bensimbi enzima.
8. Iimvavanyo zabasetyhini
Kwiindawo ezihlelelekileyo, abafana abavela kwiqela elidumileyo kakhulu, kwaye amantombazana amaninzi afuna ukungena kwinkampani yabo. Abameli bobulili obufanelekileyo bangaba ngamalungu eqela, kodwa ngenxa yale nto kufuneka balele kunye namalungu angama-15 ase-MS-13. Ngokweenkcukacha ezikhoyo, malunga ne-20% yegundane ngamantombazana.
9. Ukutshatyalaliswa akuvumelekanga
Into ebhetele kakhulu eyenzekayo kwi-MS-13 ityala, eliya kuhlawulwa ngokufa. Ukuthintela amahlumela ngexesha leqela elidibeneyo, kukho umgaqo - ukuba ubeka umntu umgwebo, kufuneka kubekho ubungqina obuqinileyo kule nto, kuba uya kugwetywa ngokukhohlisa. Ingqungquthela ayizisoli mntu, umzekelo, ngowama-2003, owesifazane okhulelweyo wafa kufuphi naseWashington, elalililungu leqela, yazisa i-FBI.
Ukhohlakali olungenangqiqo
Kwabathathi-nxaxheba beli qela benza ulwaphulo-mthetho, abadingi isizathu. Iqhenqa lide libe yinkokheli ekubulaweni ngaphandle kwesizathu. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuze kugcinwe imeko ye "inkulu" inhlangano.
11. Uthando Ubuhlobo
Ukuba ilungu legundane liphethe intombi, ngoko ayikwazi ukudlwengulwa okanye ukubetha ngamanye amadoda, kuphela unelungelo lokwenza njalo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, umfazi akanalo ilungelo lokuvota kwaye ungumhlaba. Ngelo xesha, izigulana zixhaphaza abantwana bazo, zicinga ukuba zibalandeli babo.
12. Uqeqesho olunzulu
Ngokutsho kolwazi olukhoyo, i-MS-13 inezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuqeqeshwa phakathi kwamanye amaqela aseMerika, achazwa yingxenye ebalulekileyo yempumelelo yawo. Amalungu ale ntlangano ayinalo ilungelo lokubonakala kwiindawo zikawonkewonke kwiimeko zokuxhatshazwa kwaye ahlele amalungiselelo okuhlambalaza. Akuvumelekile ukulahlekelwa yipropati kunye nokulahlekelwa iintlanganiso.
Ukongezelela, kukho iminye imithetho emininzi yekhowudi yangaphakathi. Umngeneli angaqala ukuhlayiswa ngezinga okanye ukubetha, kwaye ngexesha elizayo kuyafaneleka ukulinda ukufa. Kukho ulwazi lokuba abantu abaninzi baphathwa kwigundane kunokuba bafe ngethuba lokuncintisana kunye nabaphiswano. Kukho ubungqina bokuba kumaqela ahlukeneyo kaMara Salvatrucha aphumle, e-El Salvador yathumela "isigwebo", esenza abantu abaninzi ngenjongo yemfundo.
13. Ulwazi lwe tattoos
Ekuqaleni, amalungu aloo ntlangano yolwaphulo-mthetho agqubuthela ngokupheleleyo umzimba wabo ngamathambo, kwaye "unokufunda" yonke ingcaciso malunga nomntu: i-biography, iimpawu zobuntu, indawo kwindawo yokulawula. Wonke umntu omdala wegciwane kufuneka abe ne tattoo ebusweni bakhe. I-tattoo ethandwa kakhulu yintlungu phantsi kweso, oku kuthetha ukubulala. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba abatsha abasandul 'ukuqala baqala ukushiya itekisi, kwaye le nto iyona sizathu esinjongo - imidwebo emzimbeni kulula kakhulu, ukuchonga, ukukhumbula nokufumana umntu.
14. Amanqanaba amakhulu
Kuyiphutha ukukholelwa ukuba igundane lichaphazela kuphela izitalato. Ngokutsho kwe-FBI, ngaphezu kwamashumi amawaka amalungu ayo akhonza kwimikhosi yaseMelika, efumana imfundo yempi nokufumana abantu abatsha ngexesha elinye. Iintolongo zeli qela likhaya lesibini okanye iyunivesithi apho bafunda khona imiqondo. E-El Salvador, kukho iinjongo apho kuphela amalungu e-MS-13 ahlala khona, kwaye nabaphathi begundane baphatha ukuthanda. Kuvela uhlobo oluthile lwekomkhulu.
15. Ukuba akukho mntu uqondayo
Amalungu eqela anesithandwa sawo, esadluliselwa kwisizukulwana kwisizukulwana; umzekelo, igama elithi "isibusiso" lithetha ukuba umntu kufuneka abulale, kwaye igama elithi "ukuqondisa ekukhanyeni okuluhlaza" kuthetha ukuba umyalelo umntu. Phakathi kwabanye abantu, amaqhawe athetha ukunxibelelana ngolwimi olufileyo lwama-Aztec, okungekho mntu uyaqonda nonke.
16. Ngokucophelela bacinga ngokubaluleka kolawulo
UMara Salvatrucha unesakhiwo esilungeleleneyo, esenza sikomelele kakhulu kwaye singenakuvuthwa ngokusemthethweni. Kukho amaqela amaninzi ahlukeneyo asebenza ngokwahlukileyo. Iqela ngalinye linalo iinkokeli zalo abaziyo ngabanye kwaye zidibanisa iinkokheli eziphambili. Ngendlela, ilungu eliphezulu le-MS-13, elibizwa ngokuthi "ibhunga lesithoba" kwaye li-El Salvador.
17. Iileta zezikhalazo
Nangona kungavumelekanga ukuba kufakwe kule nhlangano, nayiphi na ilungu layo lingakhonona ukuba iqela elimelene nalo lisebenzisana kakuhle okanye lenza ezinye izenzo malunga nemithetho. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka abhale ileta "kwibhunga lesithoba." Ukuba ubungqina bubalulekile, ummemezeli uyalelwa ukuba abulale intloko yale qela aze athathe indawo yakhe.
18. Ukuthatha inxaxheba yonke
Ukuba umntu ube wajoyina iqela elithile, lihlala ngonaphakade, kuba akunakwenzeka ukuba uthathe umhlalaphantsi kwaye ngakumbi ukuyeka. Kwi-MS-13, zonke iindlela zikhokelela kwiindawo ezintathu kuphela: intolongo, isibhedlele kunye namangcwaba, ngoko ke ukuba umntu uthi ufuna ukuphelisa ulwaphulo-mthetho, i-bullet iya kumlinda.