Ixhefu elibi lesikhumba aliqhelekanga kwiindawo zokuqala zophuhliso lwayo. Le ngxaki ihambelana nokungabonakali kokuqala kwe-pathology, ifana ne- nevus evamile (birthmark), kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo akukho zibonakaliso ezimbi. Ngelishwa, kuphela ekuhambeni kwexesha lokuhamba phambili kuyacaca ukuba i-melanoma yesikhumba eyenzekayo - izibikezelo zobomi zibuhlungu ngenxa yokungakwazi ukukhutshwa kwe-tumor, ubukho be-metastase ezininzi.
Iziganeko ze-melanoma zesikhumba 1 kunye nezigaba ezi-2
Ukuba i-tumor ifunyenwe kwithuba lokuqala lokuphuhliswa, kukho ithuba lokufezekisa nokubuyiswa okupheleleyo okanye ukuxolelwa ixesha elide. Ixabiso lokubhengezwa likhulu kakhulu ukuhlaselwa kwe-tumor kwisalathisi sentsholongwane yolusu. Unamandla ngakumbi ukuba i-neoplasm ikhule ngaphakathi, kunzima ngakumbi ukuyiphatha kunye neyona mngcipheko weengxaki.
Kwimizuzu engama-1-2 yokuqhubela phambili, i-melanoma ibonakaliswe ngobubanzi obuya kwi-2 mm. I-tumor ingabhekiswa zizilonda ezincinci, nangona oku akusiyo impawu engenammiselo. Amaseli e-oncological agxininiswe kwindawo enye, ayichaphazeli izicubu eziseduze kunye neelymode.
Ukugxekwa kwesigaba sokuqala se-melanoma yesikhumba kuya kuxhomekeka kumntu we-phototype. Kuye kwaqulunqwa ukuba abantu abaqhenqileyo nabomnyama, bokuqala, abanako ukufumana ingxaki kwisifo esicatshulwayo, kwaye okwesibini, banethuba elihle lokufumana ukuphucula ngokupheleleyo, ngokukodwa kwinqanaba 1-2 lokuphuhliswa kwe-neoplasm.
Ukongezelela, isondo kunye nobudala besigulane sichaphazela inkcazelo yesalathiso. Abafazi baneziprofeto ezingcono kunamadoda, kunye nabantu abatsha abaqhathaniswa nabantu abadala.
Ukusinda kumdlavuza wesikhumba kuqikelelwa ngaphakathi kweminyaka emi-5. Ukuba isifo sifumaneka ngexesha elifanelekileyo, li-66-98%.
Ukuxela i-melanoma yesikhumba 3 ne-4
Amaxesha achazwe ngokuphuhliswa komhlaza achazwa ngala manqaku:
- ubungakanani besisu ngaphezu kwe-2 mm;
- iisensi ze-oncological zisasazwa kwiimfucu ezakhelene;
- ubukho beemastastases kwii-lymph nodes nezinye izitho;
- izilonda kunye nokukhushulwa komhlaba kwi-neoplasm;
- Ubunzulu obunzulu bokuhlasela kwesisu.
Zonke ezi zinto zibuhlungu ngakumbi idatha yokuxela, kuba nangemva kokutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo komhlaza ngokwawo, akunakukwazi ukuphelisa iisilini zeesisu ezihambelana negazi ngegazi. Baya kuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezicubu, bebetha. Ukuba khona kweseli enye ye-pathogenic inokubangela ukubuyela kwakhona kwesi sifo ngokukhawuleza kwangoku.
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuhlalwa kweengxaki. Ukugxekwa kwe-skin melanoma yangasemva, isifuba, isisu kunye neengcipheko zibi kakhulu kunokuba imeko yokukhula kwe-tumor entanyeni nasebusweni, ngokukodwa kwizigaba zokugqibela zomhlaza.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwezinye iimeko ezichaphazela inkqubela ye-pathology, ubudala, isondo kunye nemeko yempilo yesigulane, izinga leminyaka eli-5 lokusinda kwiinqanaba eziphambili zomhlaza wesikhumba lihluka phakathi kwe-8-45%.
Ngaba ukuguqulwa kwesigxina kukutshintsha xa kunokwenzeka unyango lwe-melanoma yesikhumba?
Ngokukhawuleza emva kokufumanisa i-tumor ekuqaleni kwenkqubo yokuphuhliswa, inkqubo yokucocwa kokususwa kwayo imiselwe. Ukuqhubela phambili kwexesha lokungcola, ukunyanga kwamayeza , i-immune kunye ne-polychemotherapy (kwintlanzi).
Ngelishwa, ukuphumelela kwonyango kuthintela ezininzi izinto ezingafaniyo, ngoko akunakunceda rhoqo nakwiimeko ezinqandekileyo ze-melanomas ezigaba ezi-1-2 ngaphandle kwee-metastase kwizitho ezingamelwane kunye ne-lymph nodes. Ukuba unyango alunelanga, ukugxekwa kukugqithisileyo, kwaye izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu alidluli kwi-15-20%.