Kunyaka ngamnye, ukususela ngoDisemba ukuya kuMatshi, umkhuhlane uya, uqala esinye isifo. Oku kubangelwa ukungabikho kwesitofu sokunyanga, okuza kusebenza nayiphi na ingxaki. Kwaye ukuqikelela ukubonakala kwekhonkrit kunzima, ngaphandle koko, kunokutshintsha.
I-Influenza strains
Ezi zixhobo ezincinci zigcina ulwazi lwabo lofuzo kwi-RNA, ekwazi ukuguquleka kalula. Ngenxa yoko, iintsholongwane zegciwane lesifo sengculaza zihlala zihlaziywa, okwenza kube yimfuneko ukudala iigcino ezintsha. Ziyakhiqizwa malunga neenyanga ezintandathu, uhlobo luchongwa yi-WHO. Oku kuchaza ukuba akusoloko kusebenza kakuhle kweso sifo, ngelixesha lokusetyenziswa kwayo intsholongwane sele ikwazi ukufumana amakhono amatsha.
Into eyingozi kakhulu ukukwazi ukungabonakali kwisistim somzimba sokuzivikela, esiphepha ngokukhuselekileyo i-pathogen, ukuqala ukusabela ngokukhawuleza. Utshintsho olunjalo lubizwa ngokuba yi-antigenic drift. Abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba uninzi lwawo wonke lusebenza kwimigangatho yezolimo, apho izinga lokusuleleka lizinga elifanayo kulo nyaka, kwaye akukho zifo zesifo.
Luhlobo luni lomkhuhlane kulindeleke ngo-2018?
Ngokuzimeleyo ukufumanisa ukuba, yintoni umkhuhlane oza kuba ngowama-2018, awuyi kuvela, kuba i-agent causative ishintsha rhoqo isakhiwo. OSE ngamnye unyaka ngesiseko sophando wenza ubungqina kunye neengxelo malunga neengxaki, intlanganiso ekufuneka ilungiselelwe. Isizathu sezifo zesifo se-influenza yi-B okanye i-A, kodwa zinama-subtypes amaninzi, ngoko ke izitofu zonyaka ophelileyo aziyi kusebenza. Ubume bokugonywa lunokubandakanya amabhodlobhoza avela kwiintlobo ezi-3 kuphela, kuba ixesha langoku lichazwe:
- Hong Kong;
- Brisbane (umkhuhlane wase-Australia-2018);
- I-California Flu-2018 (eMichigan).
I-Australian Flu
Igama lohlobo lweH3N2 lufunyenwe ngenxa yokuqhambuka, okwenzeka ngokutsha e-Australia. I-Brisbane influenza ibe yinto evelele kakhulu kwiminyaka eyi-10 edlulileyo. Emva koko isifo sifika e-UK, kwenzeka ukuba u-strain uza kufinyelela eMpuma Yurophu. Iindidi zihlobo lohlobo A, luyingozi kubantu abadala, abantwana kunye nezifo zentliziyo ezingapheliyo. Abanye abananto yokwesaba, iingxaki ezinqabile. Umkhuhlane wase-Australia-2018, iimpawu ezingafaniyo nabanye abantu, zinokuthintela ngokugonywa, kodwa iingcali zithi zisebenza kakubi kunokuba ziziqendu zeB.
Hong Kong Flu
Le yintlupheko yentsholongwane yeentaka-2018, eyabonakala iminyaka emithathu edlulileyo eHong Kong. Ekupheleni konyaka odlulileyo, waphinde wangena kwintlobo emitsha, ukukhuseleka okungazange kuphuhliswe. Ngenxa yoko kuyimfuneko ukugoma, ikakhulukazi amaqela athathaka-abadala kunye nabantwana. Kuqikelelwe ukuba u-Hong Kong umkhuhlane-2018 uza kwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunabanye. Intsholongwane iyingozi kwiimeko ezikhoyo ezikhoyo ngoku kunye nokuphezulu. Kukho iingxaki ezininzi zezifo ze-cardiovascular and exaceration of bronchial asthma .
Flu Michigan
Ingumguhlane wentsholongwane, inkunkuma eguqulwayo yentsholongwane yengulube . Ubukho bokuzikhusela kwi-H1N1 kwiminyaka edlulileyo alukhuseli kwi-virus yaseCalifornia, ngoko kufuneka i-vaccine ekhethekileyo. I-Flu-2018 idume ngenxa yeengxaki zayo, ezibonakaliswe ngu:
- ukukhushulwa kwezifo ezingapheliyo ze-genitourinary, i-cardiovascular, i-nervous and digestive systems;
- uxinzelelo lwe-immunity;
- pneumonia;
- Ukongezwa kwentsholongwane yefungal okanye ibhaktheriya.
I-Flu-2018 - izibikezelo
Unyaka ngamnye utshintsho lwe-pathogen, olukhokelela kwimeko entsha yobhubhane. Imiba ye-Influenza ngo-2018 yintshintsho, iinguqu ezide ziyaziwayo, ezinokuthi zisasazeke ngokukhawuleza, ngokunyuka ngokukhawuleza inani lamatyala. Ngokuqwalaselwa kwamanyathelo okuqapha kunye nokunyangwa kwexesha elifanelekileyo, isibikezelo esifanelekileyo sokugqitywa kweli xesha lihlala. Kubalulekile ukunqanda ukungathinteli ubunzima bakho kwimeko xa usulelekile kwaye udibane nogqirha ngexesha.
I-Flu-2018 - iimpawu
Ubonakaliso obuthile buxhomekeke kwingcinezelo eya kusasazwa kakhulu. Ixesha lokuxubusha liyafumaneka kubo bonke, ubude buyiintsuku ezingama-2-4. Wonke umntu unempawu ezilandelayo:
- ubushushu obuphakamileyo;
- intlungu kunye kunye neentlungu;
- intloko;
- umkhuhlane;
- isicefe
- buthathaka;
- ukungcola;
- ukunqandwa kwesidlo.
Intsholongwane entsha-2018, iimpawu eziqhubekayo iintsuku ezingama-4-7, zinokuthi zenzeke ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
- Kulula. Ukuncipha kwamandla, ukushisa akuphakamisi ngaphezu kwama-38 degrees, isondlo sincishisiwe.
- Oluphakathi. Umzimba uphuthuzela ukuya kuma-degrees angama-39, ukukhwehlela owomileyo, impumlo ye-runny.
- Lukhulu. I-Fever, isiconguezelo, umkhuhlane wee-40 degrees, chills.
- Oxinzelelekileyo. Kuyinto engavamile, yingozi. Iqala ngokukhawuleza, emva kweeyure ezimbalwa emva kokusuleleka, ukhuhlane lukhula, kwaye ukuphuma kwempumlo kuqala, ukuhlanza kuqala.
Akukhuthazwa kakhulu ukubandakanya unyango xa:
- ukushisa okuphezulu, kungagqithwanga iintsuku eziyi-3-4;
- ukuphefumula okufutshane;
- intloko rhoqo;
- zixhala;
- isikhumba.
I-Flu-2018 - unyango
Ugqirha unokumisela ummeli we-anopiral homeopathic okanye i-interferon-based based medication engabonakali ngempumelelo. Ukusebenza kwe-Remantadine kuye kwaqinisekiswa, kodwa ngenxa yoluhlu olukhulu lweengqinisiso alunqunywanga. Ngesi sizathu, ingcali iya kucebisa ukuba yintoni ukuphatha umkhuhlane-2018, ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ezibonisiweyo.
- Kusela. Ukunyusa okunyuka kwamanzi kuyakunciphisa umphumo wokuxila. Inketho efanelekileyo ngamanzi ahlambulukileyo, itiye kunye nombala we-lime, i-chamomile, i-oregano kunye ne-thyme iya kwenza.
- Antibiotics. Utyunjwe kuphela xa ekhankanywa ngokujoyina isifo se-bacteria (Suprax, Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin).
- Antipyretic. Simele sifudumise umzimba ngaphezu kwama-38 degrees, xa imeko iba yingozi. Ngaphambi kwesi sikhundla, ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kuyimfuneko ekuphelisweni kwentsholongwane (Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Paracetamol).
- Antihistamines. I-Flu-2018 ayiphathwe, kodwa inceda ukususa amehlo abomvu nokuvuvukala kwe-nasopharynx, ukulungiselela imeko yonke (Diazolin, Promethazine, Pheniramine).
- Iyeza lokutya (iBromhexine, Ambroxol).
- Amaconsi eVasodilating. Ziyimfuneko yokuxinwa kwamanzi, okuphelisa ukuphefumula (uNazol, iTysin, uNaphthysine).
- Ummandla onqabileyo wokutsha. Ukunciphisa ubunzima emqaleni (Sepptule, Lugol, Strepsils).
- IiVithamini. Uphando olutsha lubonise ukuba i-ascorbic acid ayichaphazeli umsebenzi wokuzikhusela. Ngoko ke, uncedo lokwenene oluvela kubo akufanele lindelwe, lusetyenziswa kuphela njengendlela yokuxhasa (Aevit, Nicotinic kunye ne-ascorbic acid).
I-Flu-2018 - iingxaki
Ionyango ezingalunganga ziguqulela eso sifo kwifom ehoywa, ekhokelela kwimiphumo emibi. I-Influenza Uhlobo oluthile ngokuqhelekileyo luba sisizathu salo. Iingxaki ezinokuthi zixhalabele iingxaki ezihlala zikhona, ezi zilandelayo ziqhelekile.
- I-pneumonia yebhakteria. Ikhula emva kweentsuku ezingama-2-3 emva kokubonakaliswa okukhanyayo, ukuphuculwa kancinci kuthatha indawo yesikhohlela kunye ne-sputum eluhlaza kunye ne-yellow and increase in the temperature.
- Otitis, sinusitis.
- Pneumonia . Kuhamba kunye nokukhwehlela komzimba, ukuphefumula okufutshane kunye neengxaki ezibonakalayo zokuphefumula.
- Ukutshatyalaliswa okunesifo. Ngenxa yokugxininiswa kweemveliso zentsholongwane ebalulekileyo yentsholongwane, umsebenzi wezintso kunye ne-cardiovascular system yaphazamiseka.
- I-Meningitis, i-encephalitis. Ukuvuvukala kuyachaphazela ingqondo.
- Glomerulonephritis. Ukuphazamiseka kwemisebenzi yeentso ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwe-tubular.
Ukuthintela umkhuhlane ngo-2018
Ukuthintela eso sifo, isethi yamanyathelo okuphucula ukukhuselwa kwamagciwane aphuhlisiwe:
- kwamkela iivitamin complexes;
- ukutya okunempilo;
- msebenzi oqhelekileyo;
- ukunciphisa izinga;
- ukulala kweeyure ezisibhozo;
- ukugatya imikhwa emibi;
- ukuthobela imithetho yempilo.
Ukongeza, kufuneka uncitshiswe unxibelelwano nabantu abagulayo. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba isitofu sokukhusela i-influenza sinokukunceda ukuphepha ukhuseleko. Sebenzisa oko kuyimfuneko kude kube yintsikelelo yesibhubhane, kuba i-immunity iyakhiwa kwiintsuku ezili-10 ukuya ku-14. Ngaphambi kokuba ufumane injola, kufuneka uqhagamshelane nodokotela, okuza kukuxelela ngokuchasene. Kwimeko yomntu ngamnye, ukubetheka, ukunyamezela, ukugula kunye nobuthathaka kungenzeka. Abantwana bezona zifanelekileyo zokunyamezela ukugonywa kwiminyaka engama-2-5, kodwa unokuqala kwiinyanga ezi-6. Kwabadala, le nkqubo ayisebenzisekanga.