Esinye sezibonakaliso zempilo yabantu ngumgangatho we-cholesterol emzimbeni. Ngaphezulu kwendlela yokuphila, esi sibonakaliso siyahluka, ngoko kwixesha ngalinye leminyaka, kukho imigangatho eyamkelekileyo. Umdala umntu uya kuba, mkhulu uba mfuneko yokubeka iliso loluphawu kwaye uzame ukuvumela ukugqithisa kwalo.
I-cholesterol emhle neyingozi - yintoni na?
Kuze kube kutshanje, bekukho uluvo lokuba emzimbeni womntu inani le-cholesterol kufuneka libe liphantsi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Oku kungengqiqo, kuba i-cholesterol inxalenye yeembumba zeeseli kunye namaziko. Iveliswa ngumzimba kwaye isetyenziselwa ukwakha i-hormone, i-acids, ukwakha iiseli ezintsha, ukuvelisa i-vitamin D.
I-cholesterol ingaba neentlobo ezimbini: ukuphakama okukhulu kunye nezantsi. Impilo yomntu, i-cholesterol encinci yenzalo yingozi, yintoni yoko ibizwa ngokuba "kubi." I-cholesterol emhle neyendawo ihlangene kunye, nje kuphela xa ihamba ngokufanelekileyo. I-cholesterol "embi" ephakamileyo kunye nokuxinwa okuphantsi kwezinto "ezilungileyo" kukho umngcipheko wokukhutshwa kwemithambo yegazi kunye nokubonakala kwamathala e- atherosclerotic . Ngoko ke, ekuxilongweni kwe-cholesterol ekuhlalutyiweyo kuya kubonisa ukuba zininzi kunye nehlobo luni le-cholesterol.
Uhlalutyo lwe-cholesterol
Uhlalutyo lwe-cholesterol egazini lugqitywe ngumgqirha ukuze kuqinisekiswe inani le-cholesterol kunye nomgangatho walo. Olu xilongo lucetyiswa ngeengxaki zesicwangciso senhliziyo, i-endocrine pathologies, ukukhuluphala, uxinzelelo lwegazi, isifo sesifo, isibindi kunye nokukhusela amadoda minyaka yonke, ukususela kuma-35, nakwabesetyhini-ukususela kwiminyaka engama-45. Kukho iintlobo zeemvavanyo ze-cholesterol:
- Ukuxilonga ukuxilonga: okufumaneka kwi-self-running;
- tshekisha i-cholesterol epheleleyo;
- Uhlalutyo lweepoprostini ezincinci;
- ukuhlola i-triglycerides;
- Uhlalutyo lwamapoprostin aphezulu;
- I-Lipidogram luvavanyo oluxilisayo olunolwazi olubonisa izinga le-cholesterol, ephakamileyo, ephantsi nephantsi kakhulu yeepoprotein, i-triglycerides.
Uhlalutyo lwe-cholesterol - njani ukulungiselela?
Ukuhamba kwendlela yokuhlola i-cholesterol egazini ayifuni ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekileyo, kodwa ukuchaneka kwedatha ngaphambi kokuba uhlalutye kufuneka ulandele izi ngcebiso:
- Usuku olungaphambi kokuvavanya, ukunciphisa inani lempahla enamafutha kunye namafutha ekudleni kwakho, kwaye ungaphuzi utswala.
- Yazisa ugqirha malunga neyeza ezithathwe.
- Usuku olungaphambi kokuba uvavanyo luyenziwe, kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa i-fiznagruzki kwaye uzame ukuphepha ukuphazamiseka kwemvakalelo kunye noxinzelelo.
- Ngentsasa ngaphambi kokuthatha igazi awukwazi ukutshaya.
- Igazi lizinikezela ngesisu esingenalutho ekuseni.
- Isidlo sokugqibela senziwa kakuhle kwiiyure ezili-12 phambi kokuvavanywa, kodwa akucebisi ukuba zilambile kwiiyure ezili-16.
- Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe igazi, kufuneka uhlale ngokuthula malunga nemizuzu eyi-15-20.
Indlela yokwenza uhlalutyo lwe-cholesterol?
Ukumisela imeko ye-lipid yesigulane, uhlalutyo olunzulu lwe-cholesterol luvame ukumiselwa. Uvavanyo luyenziwa kwibhubhoratri kwaye luquka ukuxilongwa kwegazi eliphambeneyo. Uvavanyo lwe-cholesterol lungathathwa inyanga enye emva kokuyeka amayeza anciphisa i-cholesterol. Ukuze iziphumo zokuxilongwa zibe nethemba, indlela yokuphila eqhelekileyo kufuneka iqhutywe ngaphambi kokuthatha iimvavanyo, nangona kunjalo, ngolunye usuku ngaphambi kokuvavanywa, kucetyiswa ukuba iingcebiso ezichazwe ngasentla ziqwalaselwe.
I-Cholesterol - isiqhelo kubafazi
Isiqhelo se-cholesterol ngeminyaka sinokuhluka ngokwahlukileyo kwiincwadi ezibhekiselele kuzo, ezihambelana neempawu zala maqela apho izifundo ziqhutyelwa khona. Itafile yeendlela ze-cholesterol azibonakalisi nje kuphela kwiimimiselo eziqhelekileyo, kodwa kunye nemali evumelekileyo ye "cholesterol" kwaye "imbi". Isimiselo esifanelekileyo se-cholesterol egazini labasetyhini liya kubonakala nge-mmol / l okanye kwi-mg / dL.
Kwii-laboratories ezahlukeneyo idatha ingaba yinto eyahlukileyo, kodwa zonke iinqaku ziphezulu ngaphezu kwe-5.2 mmol / l, zifuna ukuxilongwa okongeziweyo - iipidograms. Bobabini i-cholesterol ephezulu kunye ne-cholesterol ephantsi kuwo onke amabhinqa ngama-age ubudala angabonisa ubukho beenkqubo ezibuhlungu emzimbeni. Ezi lipidogram zivumela ukuba sikwazi ukucacisa isizathu seenguqu kwi-cholesterol level kwaye sibonakalise ingozi yokuphuhliswa kweenguqu ze-atherosclerotic emzimbeni.
I-cholesterol kubasetyhini emva kwama-30
Xa bebudala, bonke abantu banda inani le-cholesterol elibi, elibangela ukubonakala kwamathala e-atherosclerotic kwimikhumbi. Kwimadoda le nqubo iyenzeka kwangaphambili, ngoko ke uneminyaka engama-30, iingxaki ezibangelwa yi-cholesterol zichongwa. Ukuba ngababhinqa abatsha i-cholesterol iyonke ingqwalaselwa kwimida ye-3,329-5,759 mmol / l, emva kweminyaka engama-30 isiqhelo senyukela kuma-3,379-5,969 mmol / l. I-cholesterol ye-HDL ("entle" ye-cholesterol) i-0.93 - 1.99 mmol / L, kunye ne-LDL yi-1.81-4.05 mmol / L.
Emva kweminyaka engama-35 emzimbeni, abasetyhini baphantsi kweenguqu zemizimba ezitshintshayo ezenza ukuba ukwanda kwe-cholesterol, isiqhelo kubafazi ngokubudala. Inqanaba leprogesterone lihlala liphezulu, elinceda ukugcina i-cholesterol ngaphakathi kwemida eyamkelekileyo. Kwiminyaka engama-35 ukuya kuma-40 ubudala, umgangatho we-cholesterol egazini kufuneka ugcinwe ngaphakathi kwe-3,63 - 6,379 mmol / l, i-HDL-0,88-2,12, i-LDL 1,94-4,45. Emva kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala, abasetyhini abasebenzisa i-contraceptive ye-hormone, abasebenzisa kakubi ukutshaya nokungahlali kakuhle, basengozini.
Isiqhelo se-cholesterol kubafazi emva kweminyaka engama-40
Kubasetyhini abaye bawela ishumi lesine, iinkqubo zokunciphisa umzimba ziyacotha kwaye ukuveliswa kwe-hormone yesondo kuqala ukuhla, okubangela ukwanda kwinqanaba le-cholesterol. Imikhwa emibi, ukutya okungafanelangayo, isifo sikashukela, i-hypertension kunye ne-genetic heredity yizona zinto ezibangela ukwanda kwe-cholesterol egazini kunye nophuhliso lwe-atherosclerosis.
I-cholesterol, isiqhelo sayo kule minyaka sinokutshintsha ukusuka kwi-3.9 ukuya kwi-6.53 mmol / l, iyakwanda ngeentsholongwane zentsholongwane, kwiintsuku zokuqala zokuhamba kwimizi, ezinezifo ezingapheliyo kunye nezifo, ukuxinzeleleka kwexesha elide. Ixabiso le "cholesterol" lingama 0,88-2,87 mmol / l, kwaye "kubi" - 1,92-4,51 mmol / l.
I-Cholesterol - isiqhelo kubafazi emva kweminyaka engama-50
Umzimba womfazi emva kweminyaka engama-50 uqala ukulungiselela ukunyuka komzi: umjikelezo wesini uqala ukulahleka, iinkqubo zokunciphisa umzimba, ezandisa ingozi ye-atherosclerotic plaques. Isiqhelo se-cholesterol emva kweminyaka engama-50 ukuya kwengu-55 kwabasetyhini ngu-4.20 - 7.38 mmol / l, i-cholesterol ye-HDL ingafikelela kwi-0.96-2.38 2.28-5.21 mmol / L, ububanzi beLDL ukusuka kwi-2.28 ukuya ku-5.21 mmol / l.
I-Cholesterol - imimiselo evumelekileyo kwabasetyhini ngaminyaka yobudala ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-55 ukuya kweyama-60-ingatshintshwa kwibala ukusuka ku-4.45 ukuya ku-7.77 mmol / l. Kule mali, i-cholesterol ye-HDL ingaba yi-0.96-2.5 mmol / L, kunye ne-LDL - 2.32-5.44 mmol / L. Le mi miselo ayisebenzisi kubafazi abanesifo senhliziyo kunye nesifo sikashukela. Eli qela labantu kufuneka lizame ukuba nezinga eliphezulu le-cholesterol.
Isiqhelo se-cholesterol kubasetyhini emva kweminyaka engama-60
Utshintsho oluthile lweemvelo kunye ne-hormones emzimbeni emva kweminyaka engama-60 lubangela ukwanda ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba le-cholesterol. Kubasetyhini, i-cholesterol yegazi kwiminyaka engama-60 ngu-4.45-7.69 mmol / l. Kule, i-cholesterol ye-HDL ifikelela kwi-2.4 mmol / L, kunye ne-LDL-ayikho ngaphaya kwama-5.7 mmol / l. Le cholesterol yinto eqhelekileyo kubasetyhini ngokweminyaka yobudala, nangona ezi zikhombisi ziphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nobudala bamadoda. Kule minyaka, kubalulekile ukubeka iliso kwinqanaba le-cholesterol emzimbeni kwaye landela icebiso logqirha ukuze linciphise.
Ukwanda kwe-cholesterol kubasetyhini
I-cholesterol ephakamileyo ifunyanwe kwi-25-30% yabasetyhini. Ngaphezu koko, omdala le ntokazi, ephakamileyo i-cholesterol - isiqhelo kubasetyhini ngama-age, kwaye iphezulu yengozi ye-atherosclerosis. Emva kweminyaka engama-50, i-cholesterol ihlehliswa ngokunyanisekileyo, ehambelana nokudakalisa kwimeko yolondolozo lomzimba. Ukwandisa izinga le-cholesterol alinasiphumo esichengileyo kwintlalo, ngoko ke abafazi abafanekanga ukuya kudokotela ukuze bafumane umgangatho wenkunkuma emzimbeni. Ukuqhuba uviwo lokukhusela ukujonga i- cholesterol yegazi ephakamileyo , kuyimfuneko ngokukodwa rhoqo ngonyaka, ukuqala ngeminyaka engama-45.
Ukuphakanyiswa kwe-cholesterol - izizathu
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-cholesterol ephezulu-eqhelekileyo kubafazi ngokubudala. Kwaye ikhulile le ntombi, ngokunyaniseka ithenda yesidingo iya kuba. Ukongezelela, i-cholesterol ephezulu idla ngenxa yesondlo esingenasondlo, iingxaki kunye neenguqu ze-metabolic kunye nezinguquko ze-hormonal. Kule meko, ixabiso le-cholesterol liya kuhlala liphezulu. Ngamanye amaxesha amanani aphezulu angabonakala okwesikhashana. Oku kwenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kwiintsuku zokuqala zomjikelezo wesini, ngokuxinezeleka okukhulu.
Ukuqwalasela indlela yokunciphisa i-cholesterol egazini, kufuneka ucinge ngezizathu zokunyuka kwayo. Izizathu ezibangela ukwanda kwikholi ye-cholesterol ingaba:
- nemikhwa emibi, ngakumbi-utywala;
- ukungabikho komsebenzi;
- isifo sikashukela ;
- ingcinezelo yengcinezelo engapheliyo;
- Izifo zengqondo ye-Thyroid ;
- ukunyanya;
- isifo sesifo.
Indlela yokunciphisa i-cholesterol?
Ukuze ugweme ukubunjwa kwee-atherosclerotic plaques, inani le-cholesterol kufuneka ligcinwe kwiimimiselo ezamkelekileyo. Ngeenombolo eziphezulu "cholesterol" ezimbi, ungasebenzisa iziphakamiso ezifana ne-cholesterol ephantsi:
- Yidla ngakumbi i- fiber , uncedise ukuqeda i-cholesterol engaphezulu. Itholakala kuyo yonke imifuno kunye neziqhamo, imbewu, i-bran, i-grains.
- Ku luncedo ukusela izitya ze-juice ezintsha, ngakumbi i-apula, i-orange, i-grapefruit, i-beet, i-carrot.
- Isidlo sifanele sibe ngamahlanu ngosuku kwaye kufuneka sibe ngexesha elifanayo.
- Kufuneka ukwandise umsebenzi owenziwe ngokomzimba.
- Sifanele sizame ukuphepha uxinzelelo olunzima kunye nokuxhalabisa.
- Kufuneka ulawule ubunzima bakho.
- Kubalulekile ukulahla imikhwa emibi.
I-cholesterol yehle egazini
Ngokuphathelele i-cholesterol ibedla ngokubizwa ngokuba yinto ephazamisa umzimba kuphela. Le ngcamango ayilunganga ngokupheleleyo, kuba i-cholesterol iyindawo ebalulekileyo yomzimba. Le nkunkuma ifumaneka kwi-membrane yeseli, inceda ukuveliswa kwe-serotonin, isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo ze-metabolic, igcina ithoni ye-muscle. Amanqanaba e-cholesterol ayaneleyo angabangela iingxaki ezinjalo zenyama kunye nengqondo:
- States ephazamisayo;
- ukubonakala kobunzima obukhulu;
- nophuhliso lwesifo sikashukela;
- ukuphazamiseka kwimisebenzi ye-thyroid gland;
- hypovitaminosis;
- osteoporosis ;
- imeko yesigxina kunye nesifo .
Ukunciphisa i-cholesterol kwigazi-izizathu
Ukunciphisa okuqhubekayo kwi-cholesterol kubonisa ingxaki yempilo okanye ukutya okungafanelekanga. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo ze-cholesterol ephantsi zi:
- ukutya okunokulinganisela okuqukethe inani elincinci lamafutha kunye noshukela oluninzi;
- u-anorexia, unyango okanye ukhatyelwa yindlala;
- isifo sesibindi;
- ixesha elixinzelelekileyo;
- Izifo zengqondo ye-Thyroid;
- ezinye iintlobo ze-anemia;
- utyhefu ngezinyithi ezinzima;
- isifo sofuba, i-sepsis.
Indlela yokwandisa i-cholesterol?
I-cholesterol eyancitshiswayo kwabasetyhini inokuchazwa ngezizathu ezininzi, ezibhaliweyo ngasentla. Ngako oko, ukulwa nale ngxaki, kubalulekile ukuba uqale uqonde imbangela yayo. Emva koko, kunqweneleka ukugxila kwisondlo nokuphila:
- Kucetyiswa ukuba ushiye imikhwa emibi.
- Nika umzimba umzimba.
- Ukutya kufuneka kufake ukutya okufanayo kunye nokwanda kwe-cholesterol: iziqhamo, imifuno, iinqabunga, imbewu, iintlanzi zaselwandle, iiflanzi zonke, ushizi, ukutya kwezilwandle, amaqanda, ukutya kunye ne-vitamin C.