Esinye sezifo eziyingozi kakhulu - isifo sikashukela - kunye nomhlaza kunye ne-atherosclerosis ngokuqhelekileyo kukhokelela ekukhubazekeni kwanokufa. Kwaye namhlanje ingxaki yesifo sikashukela sinzima kakhulu: kwihlabathi kukho izigidi ezimalunga nezigidi ezingama-350 zesifo, kodwa inani lenani lamatyala liphezulu kakhulu. Kwaye unyaka wonke malunga nehlabathi, iziganeko zanda ngo-5-7%. Ukwanda okunjalo kwimeko yesifo sikashukela kubonisa ubhubhane olungengenasifo olususulelayo.
Isici esahlukileyo sesifo sikashukela sisinyulo esomeleleyo kwisixa seglucose egazini. Esi sifo senzeke kumntu oselula kunye nabalupheleyo, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba amphilise. Ixabiso kunye nobunzima obukhulu bomntu badlala indima enkulu ekuqaleni kwesi sifo. Akukho nxaxheba encinci ekuveleni kwesi sifo kudlalwa yindlela engafanelekanga yokuphila.
Kukho ezimbini iintlobo zesifo sikashukela:
- Udidi olu-1 - uxhomekeke kwi-insulin, i-insulin ayivelwanga ngumzimba, ixhaphazeleka ngokuqhelekileyo abantu abaselula abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala;
- Udidi olu-2 - i-insulini-ezizimeleyo, isifo sekhulile.
Kwaye ngaphezu kwama-85% abantu abanesifo sikashukela ngabantu abanesifo seswekile . Kula bantu, i-insulin ikhiqizwa emzimbeni, ngoko ke, ukujonga ukutya okunzulu, okukhokelela kwimpilo enempilo, yokuphila, izigulane iminyaka emininzi zingakwazi ukugcina izinga lokushukela ngegazi ngaphakathi kwimiqathango. Kwaye, kuthetha, baya kukwazi ukuphepha iingxaki eziyingozi ezibangelwa isifo sikashukela. Kuyaziwa ukuba i-50% yezigulana zesifo sikashukela ziyafa ngenxa yeengxaki, ikakhulu izifo zentliziyo.
Kwaphela iminyaka, abantu babengayazi indlela yokujongana nesi sifo, kwaye ukuxilongwa - isifo sikashukela-kwakuyi sigwebo sokufa. Kwaye ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokugqibela, inzululwazi yaseKhanada, uFrederick Bunting, yakha i-hormone insulin yokufakelwa: isilwanyana esinokugcina isifo sikashukela phantsi kolawulo. Ukususela ngelo xesha, kuye kwaba lula ukunyusa ubomi babantu abaninzi nabaninzi abanesifo sikashukela.
Kutheni kwenzeka umhla wokulwa nesifo sikashukela?
Ngokumalunga nokunyuka okukhawulezayo kwiziganeko zesifo sikashukela emhlabeni wonke, kwagqitywa isigqibo sokuseka iSuku seSwekile seLizwe. Kwaye kwagqitywa ukuba ibhiyozele ngaloo mhla uFrederick Bunting wazalelwa, ngoNovemba 14.
I-International International Diabetes Federation iqalise inxaxheba enkulu yentlalo yentlalo ekujoliswe ekuphuculeni ukubonelelwa ngolwazi kuluntu ngesifo sikashukela, njengezizathu, iimpawu, iingxaki kunye neendlela zokonyango kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana. Emva koko, i-UN General Assembly yamkele isisombululo, ngokubhekiselele kuyo, ngenxa yokunyuka ngokukhawuleza kweziganeko zesifo sikashukela, yabonwa njengengozi enkulu kubantu bonke. Usuku lweSwekile lweLizwe linikwe uphawu lweblue blue. Le ngqungquthela ithetha impilo kunye nobunye bonke abantu, kunye nombala wayo obomvu umbala wezulu, phantsi kwazo zonke izizwe zehlabathi zingabumbana.
Usuku lweSwekile lomhlaba lugujwa namhlanje kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathini lonke. Unyaka ngamnye inani leemibutho kunye nabazimeleyo bakhula, abaqinisekisileyo ngesidingo sokulwa nesifo esiyingozi.
Usuku lwezigulane ezineesifo seswekile sisenziwa phantsi kwezivakalisi ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko, umxholo wale mihla ngo-2009-2013 wawuthi "Isifo sikashukela: imfundo nokukhusela". Kwiziganeko ezibanjwe ngalo mhla, abeendaba bayabandakanyeka. Ukongezwa kokusasaza ulwazi malunga nesifo sikashukela phakathi koluntu, iisemina zenzululwazi nezisebenzayo zabasebenzi bezonyango zigcinwe kule mihla, ezithetha malunga neendlela ezintsha zonyango zezigulane. Kubazali abanabantwana abanesifo sikashukela, iintetho ziqhutyelwa apho kukho iingcali ezikhokelayo kwintetho ye-endocrinology malunga nesi sifo, ukukhusela okanye ukunciphisa ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo, ukukhusela iingxaki, ukuphendula imibuzo evelayo.