Iindidi zeempawu "ezintle" zamabhinqa ngemigangatho yenkcubeko ethile.
IYiputa yamandulo (1292 - 1069 BC)
KwiYiputa yamandulo, abafazi babenandipha amalungelo amaninzi kunye nenkululeko, ukufunyanwa kwakhona kwamabhinqa anamhlanje athathekayo athatha iminyaka engaphezu kwewaka. Uluntu lwaseYiputa lwangaphambili lwaluzolile ngokuphathelele yonke into edibene nesondo, kwaye ubuhlobo bobulili ngaphambi kokutshatyalaliswa kweso sihlandlo esivumelekileyo. Abasetyhini banokwenza ipropati yabo kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngabayeni babo, kwaye baqhawule umtshato ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuvalelwa kwabanye. Kwaye nakwezo zihlandlo ezide, babeza kuba nelifa lezahlukileyo ezahlukahlukeneyo baze bafumane isihloko sikaFaro!
Ngaphandle kobuhle be-outer and attractiveness, izinto zobugcisa ezinxulumene nexesha laseYiputa laseYiputa, lubonisa ukuba imeko ebaluleke kakhulu yokubhenkiswa kwamabhinqa yayide, iinwele eziboyiweyo. Amantombazana amaninzi enza iingubo zokugxininisa ukulingana kobuso, kwaye asebenzisa i-antimony emnyama ebusweni kwamehlo. Ukongezelela, abafazi abanamaqaqa amancinci, aphakamileyo kunye namagxa amancinci ayebhekwa njengowomgangatho wokuhle ngaloo mihla.
IGrisi yamandulo (500 - 300 BC)
UAristotle wabiza umfazi wesibini "umzimba onqwelwe ngumzimba wesilisa" kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo wayesekunene-eGrisi yasendulo, wayefana nabantu. AmaGrike asendulo ahlawulisa ngakumbi umzimba wesilisa ongcono kunowesifazane. Ngenxa yoko kanye abantu belo xesha (kwaye bengengabesifazane) bazama ukufezekisa umgangatho ophakamileyo wokugqibelela ngokomzimba okhoyo kwilo xesha. Kwaye kukuhle kakhulu, ukuba awuyi kuqwalasela ukuba abesifazana, abanobumba babo abafani nomfanekiso wesilisa, babonwa njengento embi kwaye ingenangxaki.
Ukuphuka kwakuyingxenye ebalulekileyo yoluntu lwamaGrike lwangaphambili, kodwa kwimifanekiso kunye neemifanekiso ezibonisa abafazi abazimeleyo belo xesha, unako ukubona iimpahla ezifihla phantse umzimba wonke. Kukholelwa ukuba umfanekiso wokuqala wesibhakabhaka wesibhakabhaka kwi-classic yaseGrisi kwakuyi-Aphrodite yaseCnidus, ekwahlulela ukuba, i-Ideal of beauty feminine eGrisi yamandulo yayibhekwa njengomzimba onobuninzi obunamafosholo.
I-Han Dynasty (206-220 AD)
Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, uluntu lwaseTshayina lube ngumphathiswa, ngenxa yoko indima yabasetyhini kunye namalungelo abo ancitshiswa apha ubuncinci. Ngethuba lolawulo luka-Han Dynasty, umgangatho wobungqina bentombi wawunomzimba omncinci, ococekileyo, okhanyisa ukukhanya kwangaphakathi. Abafazi babefanele babe nekhanda elimhlophe, iinwele ezimnyama ezimnyama, imilomo ebomvu, amazinyo amhlophe, i-gait enobubele kunye nemilenze emincinci. Yaye le nto yahlala enye yeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu yobuhle baseTshayina ngamakhulu eminyaka.
Ukuhlaziywa kweNtaliyane (1400 - 1700).
I-Italy Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Renaissance yayiyinkokeli yamaKatolika, inzala yabantu. Abasetyhini babefanele babe yinyaniso yobuqili kwaye bavame ukuba baxhomeke kumadoda kwimiba yoluntu kunye nemicimbi yasekhaya. Isidima sabasetyhini saqikelelwa ngolwalamano lwabo namadoda, nokuba nguThixo, uyise okanye umyeni.
Ukuziphatha nokubonakala komlingane kwakufuneka kubonakalise isimo somyeni wakhe. Ngexesha lokubuyiselwa kweNtaliyane, umzimba ojikelezayo wawucingwa ngokukhethekileyo, kubandakanywa izikhwebu ezipheleleyo kunye namabele amakhulu. Ukongezelela, umgangatho wobungakanani obubonakalayo bukhuni olubomvu, ubunwele obomvu obomvu kunye nepona eliphezulu.
U-Victorian England (1837 - 1901).
Ixesha lama-Victorian lahlala kulo lonke ulawulo luka-Queen Elizabeth. Umyenikazi omncinci, owayengumfazi nonina, waba ngumntu onamandla kakhulu kweso sigaba. Ukuqhotyoshelweyo kwindlu, intsapho kunye nonina kwakuyimilinganiselo ephambili kwi-Victorian society, kuba yayingumKhosikazi waseVictoria oxabisa kakhulu.
Isitalelo selo xesha libonisa ngokupheleleyo indima yabantwana besifazane kuluntu. Amantombazana amancinci kunye nabafazi abavuthiweyo bembatha i-corsets, benqwenela ukukhupha ngokugqithiseleyo umlenze baze benze ubuso babo bubukeke njenge-hourglass. I-corsets ezinjalo ezincinci ziyanciphisa kakhulu ukuhamba komzimba kwabafazi, yingakho abanini babo bengenakukwazi ukuzibandakanya ngokusemthethweni emsebenzini wabasebenzi. Ukongezelela, abafazi babembethe iinwele ezinde, ebudeni bama-Victori babecingwa njengenye into engabonakaliyo yobuntombi.
Iminyaka emashumi mabini (1920s)
Ngomnyaka we-1920, abafazi base-United States banelungelo lokuvota, kwaye le nyaniso yabeka ixabiso kwiphela elishumi. Kukho inkululeko ekulindelwe ixesha elide! Abasetyhini, abathi ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi Yesibili benza umsebenzi obunzima kakhulu, abazange bafune ukushiya imisebenzi yabo. Umthetho owomileyo wabangela ukubonakala kweentengiso ezininzi ezingaphantsi komhlaba, ekuhambeni nasekuhambiseni i-cinema kunye ne-charleston, ukuvumela ukuveliswa kwenkcubeko entsha. Bakhuthaza ukubonakala kweendlela kunye nokunciphisa ukubaluleka kwesikhumba esincinci kunye nokwenqaba ukugqoka ingubo eyayifake isifuba. Ngaloo ndlela, enhle kuma-1920 yayingumzimba omncinci wenkwenkwezi kunye neendlela eziluhlaza kunye nemigca ejikeleziweyo.
I-Golden Age yaseHollywood (ngo-1930 ukuya ku-1950).
I-Golden Age yaseHollywood yaqala ukususela ngo-1930 ukuya ku-1950-ies. Ngelo xesha, ikhowudi esemgangathweni yokuziphatha eyakha imilinganiselo yokuziphatha malunga nokuba yintoni okanye ayikwazi ukutsho, okanye ibingabonakali kwifilimu, yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi "Code Hayes". Le setethi yemigaqo kunye nemigangatho iyanciphisa iindidi zeendima ezijoliswe kwisini esilungileyo, kwaye ngaloo ndlela yakha umfanekiso ocacileyo wowesifazane owaqala ukusabalalisa kwihlabathi ngokukhawuleza. Umgangatho wobuhle kwakuyiinkwenkwezi ze-movie zelo xesha, kwaye ngokukodwa uMarilyn Monroe, onomfanekiso wesetyhini onomlenze onqabileyo.
Ukunyuka kwama-60 (1960)
Ngama-1960, abantu abalala ngesini-ntle baxhamla kwi-liberalization, nto leyo eyabangela imisebenzi emininzi yabasetyhini. Wabanika ukuba bafikelele kwiipilisi zokukhusela, eziye zaphazamisa ukubunjwa kwamabhinqa.
"I-Jolly London" yayinempembelelo enkulu kwihlabathi lonke leNtshona ebudeni bokwesiqingatha samashumi ama-1960, ngenxa yokuba iingubo ze-skirts kunye ne-A-silhouette izingubo zangena ngendlela. Yonke le migaqo yayibonakala ngokucacileyo kwisimboli esingasalibalekiyo sodumo oludumileyo lwefashini, iTiggy, omoya wakhe wamnyanzelisa ukuba atshintshe iinjongo zobuhle ukusuka kumzimba okhohlisa kunye nomzimba oqhekezayo kumntu omde, onobuhlungu.
Ixesha lama-supermodels (1980)
UJane Fonda kwiminyaka yee-1980 wenza i-aerobics into, eyanyanzelisa bonke abafazi ukuba baphuphe ngomdlalo ofanelekileyo wezemidlalo. Umgangatho wobuhle belo xesha elingalibaleki liyi-supermodels (njengokomzekelo, uCindy Crawford): umzimba omde, onobuhle kunye nomdlalo wezemidlalo, ongenamabele amnandi. Ngeli xesha, kwakukho ukunyuka kweziganeko ze-anorexia, ezo, ngokutsho kweengcali ezithile, ezibangelwa ukwanda ngokukhawuleza kwindalo yokuzivocavoca nokuqeqeshwa.
Heroin chic (1990)
Emva kokuthanda izinto eziphathekayo kunye nomdla wokudlala ngokweqile kwiminyaka yee-1980, iifashthi zatshintshela kwimeko ehlukileyo. I-Kate Moss enomzimba, onobumba kwaye ohoxayo, oye waphathwa ngokuba ngumlutha weziyobisi, waba ngumntu wenkxaso ye "heroin chic" eyabonwa ngawo-1990. Ngoko akumangalisi ukuba ngeli xesha le-heroin isebenzise kakhulu, ngenxa yoko, ngo-1997, uMengameli u-Clinton wagxeka kwaye wagxeka ukuziphatha okungenampilo kuluntu.
Ubuhle obungasemva (2000 - iintsuku zethu)
Kwiminyaka ye-2000, abafazi balala nje benomlinganiselo omkhulu weemfuno zokubonakala. Ukususela kwangoku kufuneka babe bancipha, kodwa banempilo, babe neengxube ezihle kakhulu kunye nempahla evelele, kodwa ngelo xesha bafumane isisu esisisigxina.
Ukufezekisa konke oku, abafazi baqala ngokugqithisela ukuhlinzwa. Yaye le nto ingqina. Emva koko, uphando olutshanje lubonisa ukuba kule minyaka embalwa edlulileyo inani lezigulane ezingaphantsi kweminyaka engama-30 abhalisiwe kwiinkqubo zokwandisa izibonda, kunye nokuphucula ukubonakala kwenzeni ukuzakhela kakuhle, uye wanda kakhulu kwaye uyaqhubeka ekhula.
Yileyo ndlela imigangatho yobuhle ishintshile ngayo kangangamakhulu eminyaka. Ngaba ucinga ukuba baphumelele uvavanyo lwexesha okanye ngaba baya kutshintshwa ezininzi kwixesha elizayo?