Iintshonalanga zaseColombia

Ngommandla weColombia , iintaba ze-Andes zidlula. Engxenyeni esezantsi yeli lizwe, amasebe e-massif angena emagqatsheni amathathu afana, abizwa ngeMpuma, eNtshona naseCentral Cordilleras. Le ntsimi ibonakaliswa ukuphakama kwamanzi kunye nenani elikhulu lezintaba-mlilo, liphela kwaye liyasebenza. Oku kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwezolimo nakubantu.

Ngommandla weColombia , iintaba ze-Andes zidlula. Engxenyeni esezantsi yeli lizwe, amasebe adibeneyo kumagqabi amathathu ajikelezayo, abizwa ngokuba yiMpuma, iNtshona kunye neCentral Cordilleras. Le ntsimi ibonakaliswa ukuphakama kwamanzi kunye nenani elikhulu lezintaba-mlilo, liphela kwaye liyasebenza. Oku kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwezolimo nakubantu.

Iziqhwithi ezidume kakhulu zaseColombia

Eli lizwe kunemibhobho emininzi, ephakamileyo yeentaba. Ziyinxalenye yeepaki kunye neendawo zokuhlala , kwaye kwiindawo ezithambileyo zilapho zihlala iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana kwaye zikhula izityalo ezinqabileyo. Iintlanzi ziyakuthandwa ngabantu abakhulayo kunye nabathandi bemvelo ba tyelela. Iintaba-mlilo ezidume kakhulu zaseColombia zi:

1. I-Nevado del Huila (i-Nevado del Huila) - ifumaneka kumasebe eTolima, u-Uila naseCauca. Yintaba enkulu, ekuphakamileyo kwayo iphakamileyo ye-5365 m. Inomfanekiso obanzi kwaye ihlanganiswe ngeqhwa. I-volcano yalala malunga neminyaka engama-500, kwaye ngowama-2007 yaqala ukubonisa umsebenzi ngendlela yokuthungwa komlotha kunye nokuzamazama komhlaba. Ngo-Apreli kwakukho ukuqhuma kwe-Nevado del Huila: kwakungekho ncithakalo, kwaye abantu ababalelwa ku-4000 baxoshwa kwiindawo zokuhlala ezikufutshane.
2. I-Kumbal yi-stratovolcano esebenzayo, enokuthi ithathwa njengephambili kweli lizwe kwaye ivela kwiSebe laseNariño. Ukuphakama kwayo ngaphezu kwezinga elwandle kungama-4764 m, kunye neentlambo zihlanganiswe ngeekristine ezininzi kunye nokuqhuma kwelava. Ubume bentaba yikona elinezithathu, isithsaba se-extrusion of dacite.
3. I-Cerro Machín - ifumaneke kwicandelo elisentshona-ntshona karhulumente, liyinxalenye yeSizwe yePosenti yaseLos Nevados kwaye ivela kwisebe laseTolima. I-Stratovolcano iququzelele iindawo eziphakamileyo, eziphakamileyo zazo ezifikelela kuma-2750 m ngaphezu kweqondo lolwandle. Inombono wekona kwaye iqulethwe ngamanzi amaninzi e-ash, i-tephra kunye ne-lava eqinile. Emalunga nenani elikhulu leendawo zokuhlala, ngoko le ntaba yenye yeyona yingozi kakhulu emhlabeni. Umsebenzi walo wanda ngo-2004, ukuqhuma kokugqibela okwenzeka ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-13.
4. I-Nevado del Ruiz (iNevado del Ruiz okanye i-El Mesa de Herveo) - inqanaba lokuqala phakathi kweentaba ezinobungozi kakhulu eMzantsi Melika. KwiColombia ibizwa ngokuba "yingozi", ukususela ngo-1985 i-volcano ithathe ubomi bengu-23,000 abantu (i-Tragedy Armero). Kukho intaba kwimimandla ye-Tolima kunye neCaldas, ukuphakama kwayo kufinyelela kuma-5400 m ngaphezu kweqondo lolwandle. Ihlanganiswe ngama-glaciers anamawaka eminyaka, enesimo sesigodlo, sinohlobo lwePlinian kwaye liqukethe iindawo ezinkulu ze-tephra, iiprococlastiki kunye ne-lava enzima. Ixesha le-Nevado del Ruiz lingaphezulu kwe-2 yezigidi zeminyaka.
5. Azufral (Azufral de Tuquerres) - stratovolcano, efumaneka kwintsimi yesebe yeNariño. Ukuphakama kwayo kufinyelela kuma-4070 m. Kufuphi neentaba eziyinkimbinkimbi ye-lava kunye ne-caldera ene-2.5-3 km. Bavuka ngexesha le-Holocene (malunga neminyaka engama-3 600 edlulileyo). Ngakolunye uhlangothi lweAzufral yiLake Laguna Verde. Ngomnyaka we-1971, kwakukho iingcazela apho (malunga namaxesha angama-60), kwaye umsebenzi we-fumarolic wabhalwa kwiintlambo.
6. I-Cerro Bravo (Cerro Bravo) - ifumaneka kwintsimi yeNational Park Los Nevados kwaye ibe yisebe laseTulima. I-Stratovolcano yenziwa ngethuba lePleistocene, lenziwe ngokubanzi ngama-dacites kwaye lifikelela kwindawo ephakamileyo ye-4000 m. Ixesha lokugqibela liqhubekile malunga nekhulu le-XVIII-XIX. Akukho siqinisekiso esibhaliweyo esilondoloziwe, kodwa le nyaniso iboniswa nguhlalutyo lwe-radiocarbon. Namhlanje, intaba ibonakaliswe yi-ejections ye-pyroclastic flow, ngenxa yolu hlobo lwenqwelomoya eyenziwe apha.
7. I-Cerro Negro de Mayasquer (I-Cerro Negro de Mayasquer) - ikhona kwisebe laseNariño, emngceleni kunye nelizwe lase- Ecuador . Kuphezulu kwentaba kukho ikona, apho kukho i-caldera, evulekile entshonalanga. Kwinqanaba elenziwe iqela elincinane, ecaleni kweebhanki apho kukho iifubol ezininzi. Isihlandlo sokugqibela se-stratovolcano saqala ngo-1936. Enyanisweni, izazinzulu aziqinisekanga ukuba lo msebenzi waboniswa yiCroro Negro de Mayasker, kungekhona iReventador engummelwane.
8. I-Doña Juana - efumaneka kwisebe laseNariño, iqukethe i-calderas e-2 kwaye inokufikelela kumzantsi-ntshona nakuma-mpuma-mpuma. Ingqungquthela ye-andesite-dacite, intlanganiso edibanisa iindidi ze-eva. Wayesebenza ukususela ngo-1897 ukuya ku-1906, xa ukukhula kwedome kwakuhamba kunye nokuhamba kwe-pyroclastic. Ngexesha lokuqhuma, abantu abangaphezu kwe-100 bafa kwiindawo ezikufutshane. I-volcano isacinga ukuba iyasebenza.
9. I-Romeral (iRomeral) - yiyo i-northernmost stratovolcano kwilizwekazikazi, elisondele kwisixeko sase-Aransasu kwisebe laseCaldas. Yingxowankulu yaseRuiz Tolima, kwaye ilitye elibi liqukethe i-andesite kunye ne-dacite. Intaba-mlilo ibonakaliswe ukuqhutywa kwehlobo lwePlynian, oluye lwabangelwa iipomice zepumice, ezahlukana ngumqolo womhlaba.
10. I-Sotara (iVolcán Sotará) - ifumaneka kwiphondo laseCauca, kufuphi ne dolophu yasePapayán kwaye ivela kwiCentral Cordillera. Ukuphakama kwe-volcano ngu-4580 m ngaphezu kweqondo lolwandle. Unama-calderas amathathu, anikezela ngesimo esingavumelekanga. Kwi-slope kukho umthombo womlambo uPatia. Intaba igcina umsebenzi we-hydrothermal kunye ne-fumarolic, kunye nesitishi sokubeka iliso rhoqo kubhalisa umsebenzi wesistim.
11. I-Galeras (Galeras) - ikhona kwisebe laseNariño, kufuphi nedolophu yasePasto. Intaba-mlilo enamandla kwaye inkulu kunye nobude bee-4276 m. Ububanzi bomhlaba buninzi ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-20, kwaye i-crater iyalingana ne-320 m. phezulu (abaphandi abayi-6 kunye nabakhenkethi abathathu). Kwiminyaka elandelayo, akukho nto yabonakalayo, kodwa abantu baxoshwa kabini ukusuka kwindawo yengozi.
12. I-Nevado del Tolima - yenziwa iminyaka engama-40 eyiminyaka edlulileyo, ukuqhuma kokugqibela kwenzeka ngo-1600 BC. I-Stratovulkan ifumaneka kwingingqi yeNational Park Los Nevados, kwisebe laseTolima. Amathambeka ayo ahlanganiswe ngamehlo kunye nezidlo, apho izilwanyana zidla. Kukulungele ukufika entabeni ukusuka kwisixeko sase-Ibague.
13. I-Purase (Puracé) iyintaba enomthi ekhoyo kwimimandla yePaki kaZwelonke yegama elifanayo kwiCentral Cordillera, kwiphondo laseCauca. Ingongoma yayo ephakamileyo iphakamileyo ye-4756 m. Intaba yentaba ihlanganiswe ngekhephu kwaye ifana nesimo somzimba. Ikhontrakthi ibonakaliswe yinkitha ye-fumaroles kunye ne-sulfuric thermal sources. Ngekhulu le-XX, kwakukho ukuqhuma kwe-12.