Kuza kube yimhla, enye yezona zifo eziqhelekileyo zezifo ze-neurologists zengqondo "yi-hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome" okanye, ngokulula, i-hydrocephalus. Kwinkoliso yamatyala, umntwana akadingi unyango ngamayeza, kuba kukho ukuxilongwa ngokugqithiseleyo. Nangona kunjalo, abazali bafuna ukuqonda intsingiselo yengqondo "yengqondo ye-hydrocephalus kwiintsana", kunye nokuqinisa ukulawulwa kophuhliso lwabantwana.
Iyintoni i-hydrocephalus kwaye kutheni kwenzeka?
Kubantu, i-hydrocephalus ibizwa ngokuba yi-dropsy yengqondo, kwaye isifo esibi. Esi sifo sidibene nokwanda kwomsindo we-cerebrospinal fluid, okhusela ingqondo yomntu kumonakalo. Kwinkwenkwe, ehlanjululwa yi-dropsy, ubuninzi bayo bunyuse kaninzi.
Iimbangela ze-hydrocephalus zixhomeke kakhulu kwiminyaka yomntwana.
1. Iimbangela ze-hydrocephalus emntwaneni:
- ezahlukeneyo ze-CNS - kwiimeko ezininzi;
- izifo ezithintekayo kwi-intrauterine (herpes, cytomegalia, toxoplasmosis) - kwi-20% yamatyala;
- izifo zemizimba - kwiimeko ezinqabileyo.
2. Iimbangela ze-hydrocephalus kwiintsana:
- ukungonakali kwengqondo kunye nentambo yomthambo; iziphumo zokusuleleka kwe-intrauterine-ukuya kuma-80% amatyala;
- ukulimala ngokubeleka, ingakumbi kwiintsana ezingekafiki, zihamba kunye ne-intrarebral / intraventricular hemorrhage kunye ne-meningitis, okubangelwa ukungabikho kwemfucuza ye-CSF-malunga nama-20% amatyala;
- izibilini kunye neentlungu zesifo seengqondo zinqabile kakhulu kule minyaka.
3. Iimbangela ze-hydrocephalus kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-1-2 nangaphezulu:
- izicubu zeengqondo kunye nentambo yomthambo;
- ukubola;
- iziphumo ze-meningitis, i-encephalitis, izifo ezazisasazekayo (umzekelo, isifo sofuba);
- iziphumo zokulimala kwengqondo ebuhlungu;
- ukungonakali kwengqondo kunye neempahla zayo;
- izifo zofuzo.
Uphawu oluphawulekayo lwe-hydrocephalus kwiintsana ezisanda kuzalwa kukukhula kokuphuma kwinqanaba lekhanda, elikhokelela ekubonakalisweni kakuhle kwe-crake hydrocephalic. Le ngayi yanda kakhulu ngevolumu. Ukongezelela, uphawu lwe-hydrocephalus kwiintsana ezisanda kuzalwa luyi-taut yokuvuvukala i-fontanelle, ukutshintshwa kwamehlo kwinqanaba elisezantsi kunye neentloko zentloko. Kwiindawo apho amathambo enkkull ekhula ndawonye, ukuqhutyelwa kwimilo enokujikeleza kungenza. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho i-nystagmus (ukunyakaza okuqhelekileyo okuxhaphazayo kwamehlo), i-strabismus. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuva nokubona kombono kunciphisa, iintloko kunye neentlanzi ziyaziwa.
Unyango lwe-hydrocephalus kwiintsana.
Kwonyango lwama-hydrocephalus angaphandle kwiintsana, iintshukumo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kunye neyeza. Kwiintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha ezingenayo imbonakalo ecacileyo ye-hydrocephalus eqhubela phambili, kodwa nge-hemorrhages, i-diuretics isetyenziswa kakhulu. Ziye zenzelwe ukwandisa izinga lokuveliswa komchamo, ngaloo ndlela ukunciphisa umthamo omanzi kwiishubhu kunye nemigodi yeserous. Le ndlela isebenzayo kuphela xa ukuhlaliswa kotywala kunye nokubuyiselwa kokubamba okuqhelekileyo kunokwenzeka. Ngaloo nto, unokuzinzisa ukunyanzeliswa kwengcinezelo, kunye nexabiso le-ventricles kwi-50% yezigulane ezingaphantsi komnyaka omnye. Kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwezidlovetics kugwetyelwe kuphela xa kungekho zibonakaliso zokunyuka kwengcinezelo yokunyuka komzimba kunye nomsebenzi ogqithisileyo wezintso ngokusebenza kakuhle.
Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ezikhuthaza ukukhutshwa kwe-sodium emzimbeni. Oku kwandisa i-diuresis kwaye kunciphisa umveliso we-cerebrospinal fluid.
Unyango olwenziwe uphando luyenzelwa ukulungelelaniswa kwengcinezelo ye-intracranial, ukulungiswa komsebenzi wengqondo. Ngelishwa, apha
Abazali bebhokhwe eligulayo kufuneka bakhumbule ukuba ukuxela kwe-hydrocephalus kuxhomekeke kwixesha lokuxilongwa, imbangela yesifo kwaye unyango olukhethiweyo olufanelekileyo. Abantwana abaye bafumana ikhambi lokunyanga banako ukuhlala ubomi obuqhelekileyo ngaphandle kokuthintela. Ngamanye amaxesha, kukho ukuphulwa komsebenzi wokuthetha. Indlela yokugonywa ngamanye amaxesha kufuna ukubuyiswa kwe-shunt.
Ukukhusela i-hydrocephalus yeintsana, kukhuthazwa kakhulu ukuba ugweme izifo ezithathelwanayo kunye namachiza athathwa ngumama ozayo, ukwenza i-ultrasound ehleliweyo.