Ukuqhawula indlu ukusuka kubanda kubomnye wemisebenzi ephambili ekwakhiweni kwayo okanye ukulungiswa kwenkunzi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba iimeko zokufudumala ziphelele kangakanani, ngaphandle kombane ophahleni, ukubanda kwindlu kuya kufakelwa ekuhlaleni kokuqala kweqondo lokushisa ngaphandle kwewindow.
Luhlobo luni lokuxhoma ukusetyenziswa kwephahla?
Uyilo oluchanekileyo lwophahla lukhusela ubusika ebusika, kwaye ehlobo-ukusuka ekushiseni. Ukukhethwa kwezinto kunye nokuthotyelwa kwenkqubo yokufakela kuxhomekeke kwikhono lokwakheka kwezindlu ukwenzela ukuthambisa ngokufanelekileyo. Ukugxininiswa komgangatho ophahleni kwendlu kufuneka kukhethwe, ngokusekelwe kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Ukhuseleko lomlilo (xa kwenzeka ngomlilo, uphahla akufanele lugubungele, ngoko ke xa liveliswa, i-cellulose, ukhuni kunye ne-sawdust ecinezelweyo ayisebenzisi);
- Ukuhambelana kwezinto eziphilayo (ukushisa ngexesha lokushisa, ukwakhiwa akufanele kukhulule umfutho obulalayo weemichiza zamakhemikhali);
- Gqoka ukuchasana (uphahla kufuneka ulwe neqhwa kunye neqhwa, umphumo wamaqondo aphezulu kunye namaqondo aphantsi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwefomu);
- Ukufakela kwezandi (iintlobo zobuchwephesha eziphezulu zokufakelwa kwephahla zivakala isandi semvula nesichotho, ukuvumela ukulungiselela igumbi lokulala okanye igumbi lokuphumla kwisantla phezulu);
- Umphunga wamanzi ukuphelela ( ukukhulelwa kwamanzi akufanele ukuqokelela kwi-attic kwaye kubangele ukubonakala kwesikhunta nefungi);
- Isisindo esilungileyo (ukugxininisa ngokugqithiseleyo kwiphahla uhluke ulwahlulo, kwaye lukhulu-ngokwayo lunegalelo ekugqibeleni);
- Ubunzima (le parameter incike kummandla kunye neemeko zemozulu).
Ifulethi yokupakisha
Uluhlu lweendlela zokukhetha i-heater kwiphahla aluyi kuzaliswa ngaphandle kokubaluleka okufana nomlo ophahleni lwesakhiwo. Ukwahlula kwezona zinto zincinci ukuhlukaniswa kube yindawo ekhuniweyo kunye nesigubungelo. Ifom edibeneyo ingaba yinto enye , i- gable , intente kunye ne- ezine-slope (ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-hip). Naliphi na i-subspecies yalo linenzuzo enkulu: kunye nophahla olusenyakatho ukuthungwa kwamanzi, ngaphandle kokulibala.
I-heater yokupakisha kwendlu yokhuni, eyenzelwe ngohlobo lomgodi, isasazwa ngokubanzi kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye nakwii-cottages zelizwe. Ikhetho elikhethekileyo liphezulu "uphahla" oluphambili: uxwebhu olufunayo lufakwe kwiindawo zokuhamba, kunye nomhlaba ophahleni kunye naphakathi kwemithwalo ephethe imithwalo. Indlela 'ebandayo' iyanconywa, kodwa iyanqanda abaqeshi ithuba lokulala egumbini lokungqimba: kuyimfuneko ukuba ayifake inxalenye engaphantsi kwephahla.
I-Heater yokukhanya kwelanga
Isalathisi sokuba ukushisa okuxabisekileyo kudlulayo kwi-attic cover is imozulu. Ebusika ebusika kwiindawo eziphantsi kweqondo lokushisa, ikhephu alihlali kuyo, kodwa lincibilika. Le nto ibangelwa kukuba umoya ovuthayo ngamashishini okufudumala ngokukhululeka angene kwi-attic kwaye atshise uphahla. Ukufakelwa kwephahla kunye ne-heater kwi-attic kulula ukwenza ngezandla zakho ngenxa yesixhobo esilula solu hlobo lophahla:
- I-attic idinga izinto eziluhlu lwezinto ezimbini-ziqulethwe ngumgca wokugxotha kunye neengubo zomoya;
- Iindonga zamagumbi anjalo zimela isikhala esinye kunye nophahla, ngoko ke ikona ngalinye liza kufuneka libethe kongezwa;
- Kuyo yonke i-perimeter ye-attic kuyadingeka ukuba usasaze iipokotshi ezininzi zomoya ukukhusela ukunyusa okungaphezulu.
Iifudu zephahla ezicwengekileyo
Uphahla oluphangaleleyo naluphi na ukugubungela, i-angle yayo ngokubhekiselele kumgangatho wendlu ayidluli kwi-degrees ezili-15. Uphahla olunjalo lunesiseko esomeleleyo esenziwe ngesinyithi, esinika amandla okususa i-insulators yamapulangwe amaninzi ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Umda ophezulu ovumelekileyo womthwalo we-insulator yokushisa yolu hlobo luyi-200 kilogram ngeemitha nganye. Ephahleni, ngaphandle kokuxhasa i-alloy, le mida ingahluka kwiinkalo ezincinci.
I-insulation best for the roof of the house
Abakhiqizi banamhla bavelisa ezininzi iintlobo zeempawu zobuninzi obuhlukeneyo, ukubunjwa kunye nexabiso lentengo. Ukulinganiswa kokugxininisa kwiphahla kuqhutywe zixhobo, ubukhulu obungaphantsi kwama-80-100 mm. Inkqubo eqhelekileyo, iphakanyisiwe ukusuka kwicala elingasemva kwephahla ngokutshiza okanye ukubeka iiplate. Phakathi kwababandakanyeli abahlangabezana nale mfuneko, sinokuthi:
- uboya;
- i-slag slag;
- fiber;
- i-polyurethane foam;
- basalt;
- kwandisa i-polystyrene foam;
- uboya obuncitshisiweyo;
- udongwe olwandisiweyo.
I-insulation best to the roof will be worthless, ukuba ubuncinane impazamo eqhelekileyo yenziwa ngexesha lokukhethwa kwayo kunye nesicelo. Umshurensi awuthathwa njengengcaciso ehlobisayo yezinto zangaphakathi, ngoko baninzi abanini bazama ukulondoloza kuyo. Enyanisweni, nayiphi na ingcali izakuphakamisa ukubeka ingqalelo kwiidumela lomenzi kunye neengcebiso ezilungileyo.
Ukufakelwa kwe-Foam kwiphahla
I-Polyurethane i-foam ifumaneka ngokuzalisa uhlobo oluthile lweplastiki kunye negesi. Ukubunjwa kwalo mbandela yinkomfa encinci egcwele i-freon kunye neempawu ezinokuthenjwa ezifudumele. Itholakala kumxube weoli kunye nemveliso yemifuno. Ubungqina obuphezulu bokupakisha kwe-foam kufuneka luxhathise ukunyuka nokubunjwa kwaye ube nobomi benkonzo yewaranti okungenani iminyaka engama-20. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu ze-insulator i-foam:
- ithambileyo;
- u xi nzelelo;
- nzima.
Kwi-polyurethane i-foam insulation inzuzo enkulu kakhulu yintengiso ephantsi. Ithengiswa ngefom ye-liquide, ngoko ingena phakathi kweso sicelo kuyo yonke iintluko, i-groove kunye ne-voids. Phakathi kweenzuzo ze-polyurethane foam zi:
- Ubuso obungapheliyo bokugqibela kwangaphakathi kwee-attic (emva kokucwangciswa akukho ukungafanani kunye nezihlalo);
- Akufuneki ukulinda (ukuma kwefraysi kunye nokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza akudingi inkxaso eyongezelelweyo);
- Unokwenza ngaphandle kokulungiswa kokucwangcisa (ukupompa kulungele nayiphi na indlela yokupenda);
- Ikhono lokumelana nokushisa okugqithisileyo (i-foam enzima ilahlekelwa ukuzinza kwayo kumaqondo aphezulu ukuya kuma-2200 degrees).
Basalt ukushisa ukushisa kwiphahla
Inkokheli ekukhuselweni komlilo phakathi kwabahlaseli kuthiwa "uboya bamatye" - i-basalt. I-elastic and elastic, ibuyiselwa ngokulula imo kwaye igalelwe ngekhanda eliqhelekileyo. Ukugqiba ukuba luhlobo luni lokubaluleka olufunekayo ukuze uphahla indlu yelizwe, kuyafaneleka ukuqwalasela ukuba i-basalt yinto ebonakalayo yodwa ephikisayo. I-Vata iyancipha kwaye ayifumani imvula phantsi kwemvula enkulu. Amandla ale teknoloji acaciswa ngokubunjwa kwe-basalt: iifiber zitholakala kumatye angenayo i-carcinogen.
I-voids phakathi kwee-pores zezinto eziphathekayo ifumaneka umoya, eqinisekisa ukuba kususwa kwe-steam kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokunyusa. Uboya obunokutsha obungabonakaliyo abubheki njengomqobo womoya kwaye unendawo yokuqhaqhazela: inokudibaniswa nezinye izikhuseli zokukhusela ukusasazeka komlilo emlilweni. Ukufakelwa kwephahla eyenziwe nge-basalt kuthwala nayiphi na imithwalo, ngoko-ke inokusetyenziswa kunye neentlobo eziphathekayo kunye neentambo.
Ukufakelwa kwamaminerali kwiphahla
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zokubambisa kwi-mineral basis: uboya bekotoni, eyenziwa ngcibiliki yamatye okanye i-blags slags. Oku kufakwa kwiphahla lezindlu kukwazi ukusinda kwimpembelelo yokuhlanjululwa ngokukrakra kunye nezinto zokubala. Ama-slabs of slag phambi kokuba kufakwe ukufakwa kwamanzi okukhusela amanzi ukukhusela ukungena kwamanzi ngexesha lokungena kwemvula. Ukuthengwa ngempumelelo kunokuqwalaselwa ngamatshini okwenziwa ngeeyotoni kunye nokudibanisa kwe-fiberglass.
Ukugxinwa kwezindlu - i-polystyrene eyandisiweyo
I-styrofoam ilungele ukutywinwa kwangaphandle kwimiba engxaki - iikona, izikhiti kunye namalungu. Ukugxilwa kwendlu ngaphakathi kuyingozi xa benokutshatyalaliswa okufanayo kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwamanzi. I-polymmer eyandisiweyo ngexesha lokufakela ngezinye izikhathi ikhupha izinto ezinobuthi: xa usebenza nayo, umnini wezindlu kufuneka aqinisekise ukunyakaza okuzinzileyo kwendawo ye-attic. Ukuba i-polystyrene i-foam emva kweminyaka embalwa yokusetyenziswa iqala ukuhamba kumalungu, ifakwe kwi-tape eqinisiweyo kunye ne-foam ephakamileyo.
Ngomsebenzi wangaphakathi, lo mbhalo ufanelekile ukuba ube yi-gasket kwi-cake cake. Le yindlela eqhelekileyo yokukhusela uphahla kwiindawo ezibandayo ukususela ekulahlekeni kobushushu lwangaphakathi. Ikhekhe leendidi eziliqela liqiniswa kwi-tile eguquguqukayo eyenziwe ngebhodi elonakalisiweyo, izinto ezichaziweyo kwi-algorithm enjalo:
- inkqubo yekrate;
- isiseko semigangatho ezayo;
- ukuchithwa kwamanzi;
- isalulation basalt;
- i polystyrene;
- i-insulator steam.
Ukufakelwa kwendawo yokupaka
Uboya obuncinci bemigodi yamatye afunyenwe ngcibiliki kunye nokutshiza. Inokuphakama ngaphezu kwe-slabs yokuqhuma kwesithando somlilo - kukuguquguquka kwayo. Ukufakelwa kwendawo yokupakisha kuphawulwe ngophethiloli, oqinisekisa ukukhutshwa kwezixhobo. Emva kokulungisa uboya bekoton kwi-attic, kufuneka ulinde iintsuku ezimbalwa kwaye uhlolisise umphumo owenziwe xa kuqukunjelwa i-slabs. Ukufakelwa kwimihlaba eyahlukeneyo, ungasebenzisa iindidi ze-insulators njenge:
- i-layered horizontally-layered;
- yonakaliswa;
- i-layered vertical;
- iselula;
- indawo.