Petra, Jordan

Akumangalisi ukuba isixeko samandulo sasePetra, esona sikhokelo esiphezulu, esiyiJordani ngokuqinisekileyo sikhukhumelele, sangena uluhlu lwezinto ezisixhenxe ezisixhenxe zehlabathi. Into eyingqayizivele yePetra kukuba isixeko siqoshwe ngokupheleleyo ematyeni, esi sibonakaliso siyamanga sibambe umoya. Ngendlela, igama le ndawo eyingqayizivele eplanethi iguqulelwe ngokuthi "ilitye".

Imbali kaPetra

Isixeko esikhulu kunazo zonke sasePetra eJordani sineminyaka engaphezu kwama-2 000, kwaye ezinye iimithombo zibonisa iminyaka engama-4000. Imbali kaPetra eYordan yaqala ngo-Edomi, owakha inqaba encinci ngokusekelwe kula mawa. Emva koko umzi waba ngumkhulu-mkhulu wobukumkani baseNabataean waza wahlala kude kube ngumnyaka we-106 AD. Emva kweengqameko ezingaqhelekanga ezigqithiselweyo kumaRoma, ngoko i-Byzantines, ama-Arabhu kunye ne-XII leminyaka yaba yixhoba labalandeli be-Crusaders. Ukususela kwi-XVI ukuya ekuqaleni kweXIX yeXestile uPetros wahlala engenanto, akukho mntu wayazi apho ilali lelitye lalinjalo, likhutshwe kwiimfihlelo kunye neengcamango. Ngowe-1812 kuphela ubunzima bePetros eJordan bufunyenwe ngumhambi owayevela eSwitzerland, uJohann Ludwig Burckhardt. Ukususela ngoko, iminyaka engama-200, abakhenkethi abavela kwihlabathi lonke abazange bayeke ukulibala eli lifa elihle kakhulu elidala.

Petra ya namhlanje

Kuyathakazelisa ukuba kuyo yonke imbali yayo idolophu yasePetra eYordan yayakhiwa ngabantu "abaphathi" abahlukahlukeneyo, kodwa kuze kube yilolu suku kuphela izakhiwo zasendulo ezavela ngaphambi kwekhulu le-VI AD zigcinwe. Ngoko i-Petra yanamhlanje ibonisa ukubonakala kwangempela kwePetra yasendulo. Unokufika kwisixeko ngendlela ephela kunye neyobucayi kakhulu - ikhilomitha yeek Sik, eyayisakuba ngumbhede weentaba. Kuyo yonke indlela yokungena kweso sixeko, kukho izibingelelo, imifanekiso yamandulo kunye neenqanawa ezingaqhelekanga. Ukuphuma kwintlambo ikhokelela ngqo kwindawo ephakamileyo ye-El Hazne-i-tempile-itrhala, ebizwa ngokuba yiNondyebo, kuba ngokwemigca kunobuncwane obungafunyanwanga nabani na okwamanje. Kuyamangalisa, kodwa i-facade ethempelini yasePetra eYordan, eqoshwe ngeenkulungwane ezingama-20 ezedlulileyo, namhlanje ihlala ingakhange ilandelwe ixesha.

Imibono yasePetra

Iintaba ezinesihlabathi zasePetra eJordan ziqulethe izinto ezili-800, ngelixa iinqununu zithi uPetra ufundwe kuphela ngo-15%, kwaye ezininzi zeendwangu zakhe aziyize zixazululwe. Amanxuwa aseNabataean asePetra eJordani ahamba ngeekhilomitha eziliqela, awanakho ukukhutshwa ngosuku olunye. Nangona amathikithi apha athengiswa ngokukhawuleza iintsuku ezintathu, ukwenzela ukuba abakhenkethi banakho ixesha lokuqwalasela yonke into.

1. Ithempeli lase-El Hazne , elikhankanywe ngasentla, alizange libonise kubaphandi imfihlelo yexesha elizayo. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba le yithempeli likaIsis, abanye bathi ingcwaba lomnye wabathetheli bobukumkani baseNabataean. Kodwa umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu wabalwazi-mlando yindlela yokwenza isakhiwo esinjalo ngokubanzi, ukuba asengenakwenzeka namhlanje.
2. I-amphitheatre yasePetra, eqoshwe edwaleni, inokuhlala abantu abayi-6000. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukwakhiwa kweemidlalo zamaqonga kwaqalwa ngabaNabataeans, kodwa amaRoma awanikezwa ngokobubanzi obunjalo, abagqibelele ukwakha ubungakanani obukhulu kangaka.
3. U-Ed-Deir - omnye ukwakhiwa okumangalisayo kwintlanzi yeTempile eYordan. Le yindlu yeendwendwe, inqamle kwiimitha ezingama-45 phezulu kwintlambo kunye nobubanzi beemitha ezingama-50. Mhlawumbi, uEd Deir wayengowesonto lobuKristu, okuthethwa ngaye ngomnqamlezo oqoshwe kwiindonga.
4. Ithempeli leengonyama ezinamaphiko liyinkimbinkimbi, umnyango ogcinwa yiziqwenga zeengonyama ezinamaphiko. Eyona nto inokutshabalalisa, iyakhupha iikholam zayo kunye nelokuba ekufunyweni kwakhe kubonisa izinto ezininzi ezinengqiqo.
5. Ithempeli likaDushary okanye iNtendelezo yentombi kaFaro isakhiwo esinyanzele esilondolozwe, ngokungafani nabaninzi. Namhlanje ibuyiselwe kwaye iyamangalisa ngeendonga zayo ezingama-22-eziphezulu, ezakhiwe kwipulatifomu eqoshiwe.