Sikubonisa uluhlu lwabasetyhini abaphalaza kwiinkathazo, ukunyaniseka kunye nokungabikho kwamanye amazwe kunye nokungafihlisi igama labo kwimbali yehlabathi.
1. U-Elizabeth Blackwell (1821-1910)
U-Elizabeth Blackwell, umthonyama waseNgilani, waba ngumfazi wokuqala ukuba afike kwiDector of Medicine eUnited States. U-Elizabethe wazama ukungena kwizikolo ezahlukeneyo zezokwelapha, kodwa wayenqatshelwe yonke indawo ngenxa yezizathu zesini: abafazi ngelo xesha babecingelwa ngokwemvelo, kwaye ubuninzi ababenokukwazi ukufezekisa kwimida yezobisi ezikhupha isisu. Kodwa enye inzame yathweswa isithsaba ngokukhawuleza-le ntombazana yamkelwa kwi-Geneva Medical College yaseNew York. Emva koko akazange aqonde ukuba kunzima kangakanani ukunqoba zonke izithintelo zomphathiswa zabasebenzi be-pathos kunye ne-bastard yeprofesa ofunda i-course. Ngethuba lentetho malunga nokuvelisa, uprofesa wacela uElizabhete ukuba athathe umhlalaphantsi, ebanga ukuba konke oku kucocekile kwengqondo yakhe epholileyo. Impendulo enobungqina yomfundi ayivumelekanga ukuba ihlale kubaphulaphuli, kodwa yatshintshisa uluvo lwabaninzi ngaye.
Ewe, ekugqibeleni, uthabathe kuzo zonke iingxaki, uBhe waba ngumbelekazi owaziwayo emhlabeni.
2. U-Annie Smith Peck (1850-1935)
Inokwenzeka ukuba, awuyi kufumana enye ifoto ebonisa bhetele ibonisa i-pofigism kunefoto ye-Annie Smith Peck. Wayeyisa zonke iinjongo eziphambili zaseYurophu, ngoko eMzantsi Melika, apho ngo-1908 u-Annie waba ngumntu wokuqala wokulwa nePeru, iNtaba yaseHuascaran, eyamkela ukuwamkelwa kwamanye amazwe.
Ogqwesileyo ophakamileyo kunye nososayensi ochaphazelekayo-wabhala iincwadi ezininzi kunye nokufunda emhlabeni jikelele. U-Annie waqhubeka ekwenzeni intaba, eneminyaka engamashumi asibhozo anesibini.
Kwaye, ngendlela, akazange afake ingubo, njengokuba kwakufanelekile kumfazi walezi zihlandlo.
Kwaye abantu bafana, "Oo, Annie ..!" Unokukukhathaza! ".
Kodwa ngaba kuye?
Ngaba, uAnnie?
Lol. Hayi, ayikho.
3. UMary Lou Williams (1910-1981)
UMary Lou Williams, oboniswa okwesithathu ngakwesobunxele, waba ngumnye wabaculi kunye nabaqambi be-jazz. Waqala ukwenza umsebenzi oneminyaka eyi-12 ubudala, waba nempembelelo enkulu kwi-swing kunye ne-bi-bop, eyayiqulunqa umculo weentlobo ezahlukeneyo kwaye yayingamaphesenti ekhulwini kwixesha lonke.
Kwaye nantsi kwakhona, engafuni ukuchitha isibini kuzo zonke izinto ezingenanto.
4. Umphambukeli weNyaniso (1797-1883)
I-ambitious ambitious activist ngokuchasene nabasetyhini, uMfokazi weNyaniso, sele ehlangene nesigxina somlomo kunye nomntwana osemncinci we-Harriott Stanton Blatch.
UHartiot Stanton Bletch: "Sozhorner, yintoni ongenakuyifunda?"
Inyaniso yeSozhorner: "Ewe, ndithandeka, andiyifunde kakuhle loo mazwi, kodwa ndifunda abantu kakuhle."
SODZHORNER.
5. Ada Lovelace (1815-1852)
U-Ada Lovelace wayengumbalo weemathematika (kwaye oko kusasaza), uyaziwa ngokukodwa ekudalweni kwenkqubo yokuqala yekhompyutha. Wayesebenza noCharles Babbage kwiprojekthi yekhompyutheni yanamhlanje, "umatshini wokuhlalutya". Bhabbage wambongoza wathi:
"Ulibala ihlabathi kunye neengxaki zalo kunye neengqungquthela ezininzi, ngokufutshane, yonke into, ngaphandle kobhaliweyo bamanani." Enyanisweni yayithetha ntoni:
"I-Hammer kwizinto zonke."
6. UBeatrice Potter Webb (1858-1943)
UBeatrice Potter Webb wayengumququzeleli woluntu, uqoqosho kunye nomlando-mlando. Kwaye kunye nomyeni wakhe wathatha inxaxheba ekuphuculeni imeko yokuphila kwabemi abahluphekileyo, ukuphuhlisa imithetho yokuqala kwimingeni encinci, kwakha iqela lomsebenzi e-UK, waba ngumlobi weenkulungwane zeencwadi kwaye wabambisana ngokusekelwe kwiSouth School of Economics.
7. ULillian Bland (1878-1971)
Intatheli kunye nomqhubi, uLillian Bland, wayephila ubomi obugcwele. Ngomnyaka we-1910, e-Ireland, wazakhela indiza yakhe. Kwaye konke kwakuya kuba kuhle, kodwa indalo yakhe yayingenalo itanki lokutyela, ngoko uLillian wakwenza kwi-bhotile engenanto ye-whisky kunye ne-tube yase-aural yomama wakhe. Le ndege yahamba ngeeyadi ezingama-30-ibanga elimangalisayo ngalawo manqanaba.
Lo mfazi wayethanda ubugcisa bokulwa, iimoto, akazange akhiphe umbhebhe-wumbi, ethanda ukumbathisa ibhulukhwe aze enze izithembiso ezisekunene nasekhohlo. Emva kokuthatha umhlalaphantsi, wathuthela eMonwall, apho wayidonsa khona, wadlala ukugembula waza wayelala kakhulu, kwaye wayenakhathalela ngemibono yabanye.
8. U-Ethel L. Payne (1911-1991)
U-Ethel L. Payne wayengumaphengululi onobuqili, eqhuba uphando lwakhe, kwaye uhamba noMongameli waseMelika woLuntu kunye noHlabathi lwaMazwe ngamazwe. Njengelungu lebhunga leendaba kwiNdlu ye-White House, wayekhe wagxotha uMongameli u-Eisenhower ngokwakhe ngemibandela yakhe malunga nokuhlengahlengiswa kwamanye amazwe, ngokunyanzela ukuba angayihoyi kwiinkomfa zenkampani ezandelwayo. Kulo lonke ixesha elide njengomsebenzi weendaba, u-Ethel wabhala amanqaku malunga nento eyenzekayo kwilizwe laseChicago Defender, waza waba ngumlobi wokuqala womnumzana wase-Afrika waseMelika we-SIBIES kumnxeba wee-TV. Abanye abafuna ukuguquka babemangalisa ngokunyaniseka kwakhe ngexesha lo dliwano-ndlebe. Ngethamsanqa, akazange akhathalele ngezo zinto.
9. U-Murasaki Shikibu (973-1025)
U-Murasaki Shikibu wayeyindoda yenkundla kwinkundla yaseJapan enkundleni ngethuba kwimbali yaseJapan ebizwa ngokuthi nguHeian. Kukholelwa ukuba wayengumbhali wenveli yokuqala kwimbali yoluntu: "ITheth of Genji."
Uyise kaMurasaki ngokungathandabuzeki wayemthanda ingqondo yakhe, kodwa wazisola ukuba wayezelwe intombazana. Kwidayari yakhe intombazana ibhala ithi: "Ndifunde ulwimi lwesiTshayina, ndiphulaphule izifundo zikabawo ngasemnyango, kuba abafazi babenqatshelwe ukufunda ulwimi ...". Nangona kunjalo, akazange akhathalele ngoku.
10. UNellie Bly (1864-1922)
U-Nelly Bly wayengumthubi wezobuchwephesha ophando. UNellie wayengesabi ukubhala amanqaku amakhulu kwiinkqubo zentlalo kunye nobuhlwempu. Emva kokuba athembele amaxwebhu ukuya kwiklinikhi yengqondo e-New York kwaye wabhala isihloko malunga nokuphathwa kakubi kwezigulane kule klinikhi, eyabangela ukuxhamla okukhulu kuluntu kwaye yanyanzela urhulumente ukuba athathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo ekuphuculeni ubomi bezigulane. Abaphangi babenemfesane ngemisebenzi yakhe, kodwa uNellie, okwenene, akazange aqwalasele ezi zinto ezincinci, zihlala zihlahlela.
Kwaye, ngeNdlela, uNelli wenza uhambo olujikelezayo-jikelele-irekhodi kwiintsuku ezingama-72. Kutheni? Ewe, ngenxa yokuba.
11. UZinga Mbandi Ngola (1583-1663)
UZinga Mbandi, u-Queen Ndongo (u-Angola wanamhlanje), wayeyinyani yangempela. Waba namandla ngo-1624 emva kokufa komntakwabo uNgola Mbandi kwaye ngokukhawuleza wafumana ukuqaphela kwamanye amazwe amandla akhethekileyo kwi-diplomacy, amaqhinga empi kunye nobuqili obukhulu. Izakhono zakhe zemfazwe, ubugqwetha, urhwebo, umanyano kunye nemibono yenkolo yamnceda ekunqandeni ikoloniyaliyali yasePortugal.
Zinga, wena ungumfazikazi wenene.
12. UHedi Lamarr (1914-2000)
Yile nkulumo eyenza umdlali waseAustria (waseMerika waseMelika) kunye nomqambi uHedi Lamarr, xa engakhathaleli. Kwaye ekubeni ehlala ephosa kuyo yonke into, unokwenza isigqibo esinengqiqo ngokwakho. U-Hedi wasungula iteknoloji ye-"jumping frequencies", eyayisetyenziselwa iinkqubo zonxibelelwano kunye neentambo ezilawulwa ngomsakazo ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini. Njengoko kwavela kamva, le teknoloji yakha isiseko sobutyebi banjenge-satellite navigation system kunye ne-Wi-Fi. Ukongeza kuzo zonke izinto, wayeyinkwenkwezi ye-movie.
Kwaye kutheni?